DecoratorPattern.md

The Decorator Pattern

C++ Project Example

Link: Starbucks Order System

Theory

The goal is to allow classes to be easily extended to incorporate new behavior without modifying existing code. This is also known as Open-Closed Principle (the 'O' in SOLID principles).

What do we get if we accomplish this?

Designs that are resilient to change and flexible enough to take on new functionality to meet changing requirements.

Definition

The Decorator Pattern attaches additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.

Key points to remember

• Decorators have the same supertype as the objects they decorate
• One or more decorators can be used to wrap an object
• Given that the decorator has the same supertype as the object it decorates, we can pass around a decorated object in place of the original (wrapped) object
• The decorator adds its own behavior either before and/or after delegating to the object it decorates to do the rest of the job
• We can decorate objects dynamically at runtime with as many decorators as we like

Class Diagram

classDiagram

class Component {
    <<abstract>>
    +A()
    +B()
}

class ConcreteComponent {
    +A()
    +B()
}

class Decorator {
    <<abstract>>
    +A()
    +B()
}

Component <|-- ConcreteComponent
Component <|-- Decorator

class ConcreteDecoratorA {
    +Component c
    +A()
    +B()
    +Object newState
}

class ConcreteDecoratorB {
    +Component c
    +A()
    +B()
    +newBehavior()
}

Decorator <|-- ConcreteDecoratorA
Decorator <|-- ConcreteDecoratorB

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Decorating a coffee

Imagine you are Starbucks and you order:

an iced, Ristretto, 10 shot, venti, with breve, 5 pump vanilla, 7 pump caramel, 4 Splenda, [and] poured, not shaken

You deserve to be dragged out from the shop.

For this example, we will consider a simpler order

double mocha triple steamed milk espresso

(idk if this is even a thing but anyway)

The cost will be calculated in this way: