From c039186d4aff5872cc711f9ea49bc92453d58183 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: irina-herciu <irina.tanasa@endava.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2025 19:39:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Create e5fd3631-e192-4dcb-931b-69d45722ae02.json
add change file
Allow to set DynamoDBEntryConversion per table
---
.../e5fd3631-e192-4dcb-931b-69d45722ae02.json | 11 +++++
.../Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs | 8 +++-
.../DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs | 21 ++++++++-
.../DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs | 33 +++++++++++---
.../Custom/DataModel/InternalModel.cs | 17 +++++++
.../IntegrationTests/DataModelTests.cs | 44 +++++++++++++++++++
6 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 generator/.DevConfigs/e5fd3631-e192-4dcb-931b-69d45722ae02.json
diff --git a/generator/.DevConfigs/e5fd3631-e192-4dcb-931b-69d45722ae02.json b/generator/.DevConfigs/e5fd3631-e192-4dcb-931b-69d45722ae02.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f2707bb13f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/generator/.DevConfigs/e5fd3631-e192-4dcb-931b-69d45722ae02.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+ "services": [
+ {
+ "serviceName": "DynamoDBv2",
+ "type": "patch",
+ "changeLogMessages": [
+ "Allow to set DynamoDBEntryConversion per table."
+ ]
+ }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
index 43236d04dbc7..d88cb51a501b 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
@@ -30,11 +30,17 @@
namespace Amazon.DynamoDBv2
{
+
/// <summary>
/// Available conversion schemas.
/// </summary>
- internal enum ConversionSchema
+ public enum ConversionSchema
{
+ /// <summary>
+ /// No schema set.
+ /// </summary>
+ Unset = -1,
+
/// <summary>
/// Default schema before 2014 L, M, BOOL, NULL support
///
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs
index 525ffa78ba2c..d5d6c5c1b9e7 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs
@@ -52,12 +52,19 @@ public sealed class DynamoDBTableAttribute : DynamoDBAttribute
/// </summary>
public bool LowerCamelCaseProperties { get; set; }
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Gets and sets the Conversion Schema property.
+ /// </summary>
+ public ConversionSchema Conversion { get; }
+
/// <summary>
/// Construct an instance of DynamoDBTableAttribute
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
public DynamoDBTableAttribute(string tableName)
- : this(tableName, false) { }
+ : this(tableName, false, ConversionSchema.Unset)
+ {
+ }
/// <summary>
/// Construct an instance of DynamoDBTableAttribute
@@ -65,9 +72,21 @@ public DynamoDBTableAttribute(string tableName)
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
/// <param name="lowerCamelCaseProperties"></param>
public DynamoDBTableAttribute(string tableName, bool lowerCamelCaseProperties)
+ : this(tableName, lowerCamelCaseProperties, ConversionSchema.Unset)
+ {
+ }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Construct an instance of DynamoDBTableAttribute
+ /// </summary>
+ /// <param name="tableName"></param>
+ /// <param name="lowerCamelCaseProperties"></param>
+ /// <param name="conversion"></param>
+ public DynamoDBTableAttribute(string tableName, bool lowerCamelCaseProperties, ConversionSchema conversion)
{
TableName = tableName;
LowerCamelCaseProperties = lowerCamelCaseProperties;
+ Conversion = conversion;
}
}
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs
index 4e7686c9069d..ea28f04a6050 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ public DynamoDBFlatConfig(DynamoDBOperationConfig operationConfig, DynamoDBConte
bool ignoreNullValues = operationConfig.IgnoreNullValues ?? contextConfig.IgnoreNullValues ?? false;
bool retrieveDateTimeInUtc = operationConfig.RetrieveDateTimeInUtc ?? contextConfig.RetrieveDateTimeInUtc ?? true;
bool isEmptyStringValueEnabled = operationConfig.IsEmptyStringValueEnabled ?? contextConfig.IsEmptyStringValueEnabled ?? false;
- DynamoDBEntryConversion conversion = operationConfig.Conversion ?? contextConfig.Conversion ?? DynamoDBEntryConversion.CurrentConversion;
+ DynamoDBEntryConversion conversion = contextConfig.Conversion ?? DynamoDBEntryConversion.CurrentConversion;
string tableNamePrefix = operationConfig.TableNamePrefix ?? contextConfig.TableNamePrefix ?? string.Empty;
// These properties can only be set at the operation level
@@ -463,7 +463,8 @@ public DynamoDBFlatConfig(DynamoDBOperationConfig operationConfig, DynamoDBConte
IndexName = indexName;
QueryFilter = queryFilter;
ConditionalOperator = conditionalOperator;
- Conversion = conversion;
+ ContextConversion = conversion;
+ OperationConversion = operationConfig.Conversion;
MetadataCachingMode = metadataCachingMode;
DisableFetchingTableMetadata = disableFetchingTableMetadata;
RetrieveDateTimeInUtc = retrieveDateTimeInUtc;
@@ -471,7 +472,7 @@ public DynamoDBFlatConfig(DynamoDBOperationConfig operationConfig, DynamoDBConte
State = new OperationState();
}
-
+
/// <summary>
/// Property that directs DynamoDBContext to use consistent reads.
/// If property is not set, behavior defaults to non-consistent reads.
@@ -552,10 +553,29 @@ public DynamoDBFlatConfig(DynamoDBOperationConfig operationConfig, DynamoDBConte
public List<ScanCondition> QueryFilter { get; set; }
/// <summary>
- /// Conversion specification which controls how conversion between
+ /// Entity Conversion specification which controls how conversion between
/// .NET and DynamoDB types happens.
/// </summary>
- public DynamoDBEntryConversion Conversion { get; set; }
+ public DynamoDBEntryConversion ItemConversion { get; set; }
+
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Operation Conversion specification which controls how conversion between
+ /// .NET and DynamoDB types happens.
+ /// </summary>
+ private DynamoDBEntryConversion OperationConversion { get; }
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Context Conversion specification which controls how conversion between
+ /// .NET and DynamoDB types happens.
+ /// </summary>
+ public DynamoDBEntryConversion Conversion => OperationConversion ?? ItemConversion ?? ContextConversion;
+
+ /// <summary>
+ /// Context Conversion specification which controls how conversion between
+ /// .NET and DynamoDB types happens.
+ /// </summary>
+ private DynamoDBEntryConversion ContextConversion { get; }
/// <inheritdoc cref="DynamoDBContextConfig.DisableFetchingTableMetadata"/>
public bool DisableFetchingTableMetadata { get; set; }
@@ -564,7 +584,7 @@ public DynamoDBFlatConfig(DynamoDBOperationConfig operationConfig, DynamoDBConte
public bool RetrieveDateTimeInUtc { get; set; }
// Checks if the IndexName is set on the config
- internal bool IsIndexOperation { get { return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(IndexName); } }
+ internal bool IsIndexOperation => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(IndexName);
// State of the operation using this config
internal OperationState State { get; private set; }
@@ -584,6 +604,7 @@ public DynamoDBFlatConfig(DynamoDBOperationConfig operationConfig, DynamoDBConte
/// </remarks>
public string DerivedTypeAttributeName { get; set; }
+
public class OperationState
{
private CircularReferenceTracking referenceTracking;
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/InternalModel.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/InternalModel.cs
index 0b7d47943567..0cfc7965f16c 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/InternalModel.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/InternalModel.cs
@@ -428,6 +428,9 @@ internal class ItemStorageConfig
// indexName to GSIConfig mapping
public Dictionary<string, GSIConfig> IndexNameToGSIMapping { get; set; }
+ // entity conversion
+ public DynamoDBEntryConversion Conversion { get; set; }
+
public bool StorePolymorphicTypes => this.PolymorphicTypesStorageConfig.Any();
@@ -735,6 +738,10 @@ public ItemStorageConfig GetConfig([DynamicallyAccessedMembers(InternalConstants
if (tableCache.Cache.TryGetValue(actualTableName, out config))
{
+ if (flatConfig == null)
+ throw new ArgumentNullException("flatConfig");
+
+ flatConfig.ItemConversion = config.Conversion;
return config;
}
}
@@ -759,6 +766,8 @@ public ItemStorageConfig GetConfig([DynamicallyAccessedMembers(InternalConstants
if (tableCache == null)
{
var baseStorageConfig = CreateStorageConfig(type, actualTableName: null, flatConfig);
+ flatConfig.ItemConversion = baseStorageConfig.Conversion;
+
tableCache = new ConfigTableCache(baseStorageConfig);
Cache[type] = tableCache;
}
@@ -780,6 +789,7 @@ public ItemStorageConfig GetConfig([DynamicallyAccessedMembers(InternalConstants
}
config = CreateStorageConfig(type, actualTableName, flatConfig);
+ flatConfig.ItemConversion = config.Conversion;
tableCache.Cache[actualTableName] = config;
return config;
@@ -858,6 +868,13 @@ private static void PopulateConfigFromType(ItemStorageConfig config, [Dynamicall
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tableAttribute.TableName)) throw new InvalidOperationException("DynamoDBTableAttribute.Table is empty or null");
config.TableName = tableAttribute.TableName;
config.LowerCamelCaseProperties = tableAttribute.LowerCamelCaseProperties;
+
+ config.Conversion = tableAttribute.Conversion switch
+ {
+ ConversionSchema.V1 => DynamoDBEntryConversion.V1,
+ ConversionSchema.V2 => DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2,
+ _ => config.Conversion
+ };
}
string tableAlias;
diff --git a/sdk/test/Services/DynamoDBv2/IntegrationTests/DataModelTests.cs b/sdk/test/Services/DynamoDBv2/IntegrationTests/DataModelTests.cs
index 9677280def08..4d3e85ffa066 100644
--- a/sdk/test/Services/DynamoDBv2/IntegrationTests/DataModelTests.cs
+++ b/sdk/test/Services/DynamoDBv2/IntegrationTests/DataModelTests.cs
@@ -1114,6 +1114,45 @@ private void TestContextConversions()
#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Re-enable the warning
}
+ {
+
+#pragma warning disable CS0618 // Disable the warning for the deprecated DynamoDBContext constructors
+ ProductV2 productV2 = new ProductV2
+ {
+ Id = 1,
+ Name = "CloudSpotter",
+ CompanyName = "CloudsAreGrate",
+ Price = 1200,
+ TagSet = new HashSet<string> { "Prod", "1.0" },
+ CurrentStatus = Status.Active,
+ FormerStatus = Status.Upcoming,
+ Supports = Support.Unix | Support.Windows,
+ PreviousSupport = null,
+ InternalId = "T1000",
+ IsPublic = true,
+ AlwaysN = true,
+ Rating = 4,
+ Components = new List<string> { "Code", "Coffee" },
+ KeySizes = new List<byte> { 16, 64, 128 },
+ CompanyInfo = new CompanyInfo
+ {
+ Name = "MyCloud",
+ Founded = new DateTime(1994, 7, 6),
+ Revenue = 9001
+ }
+ };
+
+ using (var contextV1 = new DynamoDBContext(Client, new DynamoDBContextConfig { Conversion = conversionV1 }))
+ {
+ var docV1 = contextV1.ToDocument(productV2, new ToDocumentConfig { Conversion = conversionV1 });
+ var docV2 = contextV1.ToDocument(productV2, new ToDocumentConfig { });
+ VerifyConversions(docV1, docV2);
+ }
+
+#pragma warning restore CS0618 // Re-enable the warning
+
+ }
+
// Introduce a circular reference and try to serialize
{
product.CompanyInfo = new CompanyInfo
@@ -2632,6 +2671,11 @@ public object FromEntry(DynamoDBEntry entry)
}
}
+ [DynamoDBTable("HashTable", false, ConversionSchema.V2)]
+ public class ProductV2 : Product
+ {
+ }
+
/// <summary>
/// Class representing items in the table [TableNamePrefix]HashTable
/// </summary>
From c7bad739c4016fcf3a01ea8a7fc3e2307abacdf0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: irina-herciu <irina.tanasa@endava.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 2025 13:50:32 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] address PR feedback
---
.../Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs | 57 ++++++++++---------
.../DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs | 10 +++-
.../DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs | 6 +-
3 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
index d88cb51a501b..a6d894555bcf 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
@@ -32,46 +32,49 @@ namespace Amazon.DynamoDBv2
{
/// <summary>
- /// Available conversion schemas.
+ /// Specifies the conversion schema used to map the types to DynamoDB types.
+ /// This schema influences how items are serialized and deserialized when interacting with DynamoDB.
/// </summary>
public enum ConversionSchema
{
/// <summary>
- /// No schema set.
+ /// Indicates that no schema has been explicitly set.
/// </summary>
Unset = -1,
/// <summary>
- /// Default schema before 2014 L, M, BOOL, NULL support
- ///
- /// The following .NET types are converted into the following DynamoDB types:
- /// Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) are converted to N
- /// String and char are converted to S
- /// Bool is converted to N (0=false, 1=true)
- /// DateTime and Guid are converto to S
- /// MemoryStream and byte[] are converted to B
- /// List, HashSet, and array of numerics types are converted to NS
- /// List, HashSet, and array of string-based types are converted to SS
- /// List, HashSet, and array of binary-based types are converted to BS
- /// Dictionary{string,object} are converted to M
+ /// Legacy conversion schema (and current default for context-level configurations).
+ ///
+ /// This schema pre-dates support for native DynamoDB types such as L (list), M (map), BOOL, and NULL.
+ /// Common .NET type mappings:
+ /// - Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) → DynamoDB N (number)
+ /// - string, char → S (string)
+ /// - bool → N ("0" for false, "1" for true)
+ /// - DateTime, Guid → S (string)
+ /// - MemoryStream, byte[] → B (binary)
+ /// - List, HashSet, array of numeric types → NS (number set)
+ /// - List, HashSet, array of string types → SS (string set)
+ /// - List, HashSet, array of binary types → BS (binary set)
+ /// - Dictionary{string, object} → M (map)
/// </summary>
V1 = 0,
/// <summary>
- /// Schema fully supporting 2014 L, M, BOOL, NULL additions
+ /// Enhanced conversion schema that supports native DynamoDB types including L (list), M (map), BOOL, and NULL.
///
- /// The following .NET types are converted into the following DynamoDB types:
- /// Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) are converted to N
- /// String and char are converted to S
- /// Bool is converted to BOOL
- /// DateTime and Guid are converto to S
- /// MemoryStream and byte[] are converted to B
- /// HashSet of numerics types are converted to NS
- /// HashSet of string-based types are converted to SS
- /// HashSet of binary-based types are converted to BS
- /// List and array of numerics, string-based types, and binary-based types
- /// are converted to L type.
- /// Dictionary{string,object} are converted to M
+ /// Common .NET type mappings:
+ /// - Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) → DynamoDB N (number)
+ /// - string, char → S (string)
+ /// - bool → BOOL
+ /// - DateTime, Guid → S (string)
+ /// - MemoryStream, byte[] → B (binary)
+ /// - HashSet of numeric types → NS (number set)
+ /// - HashSet of string types → SS (string set)
+ /// - HashSet of binary types → BS (binary set)
+ /// - List, array (numeric, string, binary types) → L (list)
+ /// - Dictionary{string, object} → M (map)
+ ///
+ /// Recommended for applications that need full fidelity with native DynamoDB types.
/// </summary>
V2 = 1,
}
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs
index d5d6c5c1b9e7..5d3affa53f91 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Attributes.cs
@@ -53,9 +53,15 @@ public sealed class DynamoDBTableAttribute : DynamoDBAttribute
public bool LowerCamelCaseProperties { get; set; }
/// <summary>
- /// Gets and sets the Conversion Schema property.
+ /// Gets and sets the <see cref="ConversionSchema"/> used for mapping between .NET and DynamoDB types.
+ ///
+ /// The conversion schema determines how types are serialized and deserialized during data persistence.
+ /// When resolving the effective schema, the following precedence is applied:
+ /// 1. If set on the operation configuration, it takes the highest precedence.
+ /// 2. If not set on the operation, but specified at the table level, the table configuration is used.
+ /// 3. If neither is set, the context-level configuration is used as the default fallback.
/// </summary>
- public ConversionSchema Conversion { get; }
+ public ConversionSchema Conversion { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Construct an instance of DynamoDBTableAttribute
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs
index ea28f04a6050..0f6bc30780d5 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/DataModel/Configs.cs
@@ -553,8 +553,10 @@ public DynamoDBFlatConfig(DynamoDBOperationConfig operationConfig, DynamoDBConte
public List<ScanCondition> QueryFilter { get; set; }
/// <summary>
- /// Entity Conversion specification which controls how conversion between
- /// .NET and DynamoDB types happens.
+ /// Specifies the conversion behavior for .NET objects (entities) mapped to DynamoDB items.
+ ///
+ /// This setting controls how conversion between .NET and DynamoDB types happens
+ /// on classes annotated with <see cref="DynamoDBTableAttribute"/>
/// </summary>
public DynamoDBEntryConversion ItemConversion { get; set; }
From 50bc4ca91c43d045e97eaeb9ab21a8202ce99c32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: irina-herciu <irina.tanasa@endava.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Apr 2025 10:51:09 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] update ConversionSchema documentation
---
.../Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs | 43 ++++++++++---------
1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
diff --git a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
index a6d894555bcf..5a121a3324b8 100644
--- a/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
+++ b/sdk/src/Services/DynamoDBv2/Custom/Conversion/DynamoDBEntryConversion.cs
@@ -47,15 +47,17 @@ public enum ConversionSchema
///
/// This schema pre-dates support for native DynamoDB types such as L (list), M (map), BOOL, and NULL.
/// Common .NET type mappings:
- /// - Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) → DynamoDB N (number)
- /// - string, char → S (string)
- /// - bool → N ("0" for false, "1" for true)
- /// - DateTime, Guid → S (string)
- /// - MemoryStream, byte[] → B (binary)
- /// - List, HashSet, array of numeric types → NS (number set)
- /// - List, HashSet, array of string types → SS (string set)
- /// - List, HashSet, array of binary types → BS (binary set)
- /// - Dictionary{string, object} → M (map)
+ /// <ul>
+ /// <li><para>Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) → DynamoDB N (number)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>string, char → S (string)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>bool → N ("0" for false, "1" for true)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>DateTime, Guid → S (string)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>MemoryStream, byte[] → B (binary)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>List, HashSet, array of numeric types → NS (number set)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>List, HashSet, array of string types → SS (string set)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>List, HashSet, array of binary types → BS (binary set)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>Dictionary{string, object} → M (map)</para></li>
+ /// </ul>
/// </summary>
V1 = 0,
@@ -63,17 +65,18 @@ public enum ConversionSchema
/// Enhanced conversion schema that supports native DynamoDB types including L (list), M (map), BOOL, and NULL.
///
/// Common .NET type mappings:
- /// - Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) → DynamoDB N (number)
- /// - string, char → S (string)
- /// - bool → BOOL
- /// - DateTime, Guid → S (string)
- /// - MemoryStream, byte[] → B (binary)
- /// - HashSet of numeric types → NS (number set)
- /// - HashSet of string types → SS (string set)
- /// - HashSet of binary types → BS (binary set)
- /// - List, array (numeric, string, binary types) → L (list)
- /// - Dictionary{string, object} → M (map)
- ///
+ /// <ul>
+ /// <li><para>Number types (byte, int, float, decimal, etc.) → DynamoDB N (number)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>string, char → S (string)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>bool → BOOL</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>DateTime, Guid → S (string)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>MemoryStream, byte[] → B (binary)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>HashSet of numeric types → NS (number set)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>HashSet of string types → SS (string set)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>HashSet of binary types → BS (binary set)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>List, array (numeric, string, binary types) → L (list)</para></li>
+ /// <li><para>Dictionary{string, object} → M (map)</para></li>
+ /// </ul>
/// Recommended for applications that need full fidelity with native DynamoDB types.
/// </summary>
V2 = 1,