diff --git a/backends/candle/Cargo.toml b/backends/candle/Cargo.toml
index f26d213a..60931fb6 100644
--- a/backends/candle/Cargo.toml
+++ b/backends/candle/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ thiserror = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 memmap2 = "^0.9"
+tokenizers = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 insta = { git = "https://github.com/OlivierDehaene/insta", rev = "f4f98c0410b91fb5a28b10df98e4422955be9c2c", features = ["yaml"] }
 is_close = "0.1.3"
 hf-hub = "0.3.2"
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
-tokenizers = { workspace = true }
 serial_test = "2.0.0"
 
 [build-dependencies]
diff --git a/backends/candle/src/lib.rs b/backends/candle/src/lib.rs
index acd93750..d6bdfd26 100644
--- a/backends/candle/src/lib.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/src/lib.rs
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ use candle::{DType, Device};
 use candle_nn::VarBuilder;
 use nohash_hasher::BuildNoHashHasher;
 use serde::Deserialize;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::{cmp::max, collections::HashMap};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{
     Backend, BackendError, Batch, Embedding, Embeddings, ModelType, Predictions,
 };
+use tokenizers::Encoding;
 
 /// This enum is needed to be able to differentiate between jina models that also use
 /// the `bert` model type and valid Bert models.
@@ -465,3 +466,48 @@ impl<O> WrapErr<O> for Result<O, candle::Error> {
         self.map_err(|e| BackendError::Inference(e.to_string()))
     }
 }
+
+pub fn batch(encodings: Vec<Encoding>, pooled_indices: Vec<u32>, raw_indices: Vec<u32>) -> Batch {
+    let mut input_ids = Vec::new();
+    let mut token_type_ids = Vec::new();
+    let mut position_ids = Vec::new();
+    let mut cumulative_seq_lengths = Vec::with_capacity(encodings.len() + 1);
+    cumulative_seq_lengths.push(0);
+
+    let mut max_length = 0;
+    let mut cumulative_length = 0;
+
+    for encoding in encodings.iter() {
+        let encoding_length = encoding.len() as u32;
+        input_ids.extend(encoding.get_ids().to_vec());
+        token_type_ids.extend(encoding.get_type_ids().to_vec());
+        position_ids.extend(0..encoding_length);
+        cumulative_length += encoding_length;
+        cumulative_seq_lengths.push(cumulative_length);
+        max_length = max(max_length, encoding_length);
+    }
+
+    Batch {
+        input_ids,
+        token_type_ids,
+        position_ids,
+        cumulative_seq_lengths,
+        max_length,
+        pooled_indices,
+        raw_indices,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn sort_embeddings(embeddings: Embeddings) -> (Vec<Vec<f32>>, Vec<Vec<f32>>) {
+    let mut pooled_embeddings = Vec::new();
+    let mut raw_embeddings = Vec::new();
+
+    for (_, embedding) in embeddings {
+        match embedding {
+            Embedding::Pooled(e) => pooled_embeddings.push(e),
+            Embedding::All(e) => raw_embeddings.extend(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    (pooled_embeddings, raw_embeddings)
+}
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/common.rs b/backends/candle/tests/common.rs
index 0c069a47..e848212d 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/common.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/common.rs
@@ -89,20 +89,6 @@ impl From<Vec<Vec<f32>>> for SnapshotEmbeddings {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn sort_embeddings(embeddings: Embeddings) -> (Vec<Vec<f32>>, Vec<Vec<f32>>) {
-    let mut pooled_embeddings = Vec::new();
-    let mut raw_embeddings = Vec::new();
-
-    for (_, embedding) in embeddings {
-        match embedding {
-            Embedding::Pooled(e) => pooled_embeddings.push(e),
-            Embedding::All(e) => raw_embeddings.extend(e),
-        }
-    }
-
-    (pooled_embeddings, raw_embeddings)
-}
-
 pub fn download_artifacts(
     model_id: &'static str,
     revision: Option<&'static str>,
@@ -232,34 +218,3 @@ pub fn load_tokenizer(model_root: &Path) -> Result<Tokenizer> {
     tokenizer.with_padding(None);
     Ok(tokenizer)
 }
-
-pub fn batch(encodings: Vec<Encoding>, pooled_indices: Vec<u32>, raw_indices: Vec<u32>) -> Batch {
-    let mut input_ids = Vec::new();
-    let mut token_type_ids = Vec::new();
-    let mut position_ids = Vec::new();
-    let mut cumulative_seq_lengths = Vec::with_capacity(encodings.len() + 1);
-    cumulative_seq_lengths.push(0);
-
-    let mut max_length = 0;
-    let mut cumulative_length = 0;
-
-    for encoding in encodings.iter() {
-        let encoding_length = encoding.len() as u32;
-        input_ids.extend(encoding.get_ids().to_vec());
-        token_type_ids.extend(encoding.get_type_ids().to_vec());
-        position_ids.extend(0..encoding_length);
-        cumulative_length += encoding_length;
-        cumulative_seq_lengths.push(cumulative_length);
-        max_length = max(max_length, encoding_length);
-    }
-
-    Batch {
-        input_ids,
-        token_type_ids,
-        position_ids,
-        cumulative_seq_lengths,
-        max_length,
-        pooled_indices,
-        raw_indices,
-    }
-}
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_bert.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_bert.rs
index 1bd5017f..0598476b 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_bert.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_bert.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ mod common;
 
 use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings, SnapshotScores};
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer, relative_matcher};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer, relative_matcher};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_bert.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_bert.rs
index ea150e7f..5c8cda74 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_bert.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_bert.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings, SnapshotScores};
+use crate::common::{SnapshotEmbeddings, SnapshotScores};
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer, relative_matcher};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer, relative_matcher};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_gte.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_gte.rs
index 20b06b2f..4fce7de6 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_gte.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_gte.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #![allow(dead_code, unused_imports)]
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina.rs
index 255b82a2..fbd0352c 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #![allow(dead_code, unused_imports)]
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina_code.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina_code.rs
index d84848dc..71ec6bac 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina_code.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_jina_code.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #![allow(dead_code, unused_imports)]
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_mistral.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_mistral.rs
index 71749c8b..a472db59 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_mistral.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_mistral.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #![allow(dead_code, unused_imports)]
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_nomic.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_nomic.rs
index 263bbe43..29f7314f 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_nomic.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_nomic.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #![allow(dead_code, unused_imports)]
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_qwen2.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_qwen2.rs
index 38e45553..35ae9aea 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_qwen2.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_flash_qwen2.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 use tokenizers::processors::sequence::Sequence;
 use tokenizers::processors::template::TemplateProcessing;
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_jina.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_jina.rs
index 4aa30d03..f516df77 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_jina.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_jina.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_jina_code.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_jina_code.rs
index 6c3b3f20..edbd6c7a 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_jina_code.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_jina_code.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/candle/tests/test_nomic.rs b/backends/candle/tests/test_nomic.rs
index ce0a4559..a0e3e072 100644
--- a/backends/candle/tests/test_nomic.rs
+++ b/backends/candle/tests/test_nomic.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 mod common;
 
-use crate::common::{sort_embeddings, SnapshotEmbeddings};
+use crate::common::SnapshotEmbeddings;
 use anyhow::Result;
-use common::{batch, cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
-use text_embeddings_backend_candle::CandleBackend;
+use common::{cosine_matcher, download_artifacts, load_tokenizer};
+use text_embeddings_backend_candle::{batch, sort_embeddings, CandleBackend};
 use text_embeddings_backend_core::{Backend, ModelType, Pool};
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/backends/src/dtype.rs b/backends/src/dtype.rs
index d2c896ce..01c0b60f 100644
--- a/backends/src/dtype.rs
+++ b/backends/src/dtype.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for DType {
             DType::Float32 => write!(f, "float32"),
             // #[cfg(feature = "candle")]
             // DType::Q6K => write!(f, "q6k"),
+            _ => unreachable!()
         }
     }
 }