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  <div class="section" id="check-data-type-and-conversion">
<h1>Check Data Type and Conversion<a class="headerlink" href="#check-data-type-and-conversion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>In this chapter we are going to learn about the functions that can be used for</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Checking Data Type</li>
<li>Checking Character</li>
<li>Conversion</li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="check-data-type">
<span id="index-0"></span><h2>Check Data Type<a class="headerlink" href="#check-data-type" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The next functions can be used to check the data type</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>isstring()</li>
<li>isnumber()</li>
<li>islist()</li>
<li>type()</li>
<li>isnull()</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isstring-function">
<span id="index-1"></span><h2>IsString() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isstring-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Using the IsString() function we can know if the value is a string or not</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsString(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a string or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isstring(5) + nl +          # print 0
    isstring(&quot;hello&quot;) + nl      # print 1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isnumber-function">
<span id="index-2"></span><h2>IsNumber() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isnumber-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Using the IsNumber() function we can know if the value is a number or not</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsNumber(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a number or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isnumber(5) + nl +          # print 1
    isnumber(&quot;hello&quot;) + nl      # print 0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="islist-function">
<span id="index-3"></span><h2>IsList() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#islist-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Using the IsList() function we can know if the value is a list or not</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsList(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a list or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see islist(5) + nl +            # print 0
    islist(&quot;hello&quot;) + nl +      # print 0
    islist([1,3,5])             # print 1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="type-function">
<span id="index-4"></span><h2>Type() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#type-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can know the type of a value using the Type() Function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Type(value) ---&gt; The Type as String
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see Type(5) + nl +          # print NUMBER
Type(&quot;hello&quot;) + nl +        # print STRING
Type([1,3,5])               # print LIST
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isnull-function">
<span id="index-5"></span><h2>IsNULL() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isnull-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can check the value to know if it&#8217;s null or not using the IsNULL() function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsNULL(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is NULL or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isnull(5) + nl +        # print 0
isnull(&quot;hello&quot;) + nl +      # print 0
isnull([1,3,5]) + nl +      # print 0
isnull(&quot;&quot;) + nl +           # print 1
isnull(&quot;NULL&quot;)              # print 1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="check-character">
<span id="index-6"></span><h2>Check Character<a class="headerlink" href="#check-character" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The next functions can be used to check character</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>isalnum()</li>
<li>isalpha()</li>
<li>iscntrl()</li>
<li>isdigit()</li>
<li>isgraph()</li>
<li>islower()</li>
<li>isprint()</li>
<li>ispunct()</li>
<li>isspace()</li>
<li>isupper()</li>
<li>isxdigit()</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isalnum-function">
<h2>IsAlNum() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isalnum-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsAlNum() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsAlNum(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is digit/letter or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isalnum(&quot;Hello&quot;) + nl +     # print 1
    isalnum(&quot;123456&quot;) + nl +    # print 1
    isalnum(&quot;ABCabc123&quot;) + nl + # print 1
    isalnum(&quot;How are you&quot;)      # print 0 because of spaces
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isalpha-function">
<h2>IsAlpha() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isalpha-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsAlpha() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsAlpha(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a letter or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isalpha(&quot;Hello&quot;) + nl +     # print 1
    isalpha(&quot;123456&quot;) + nl +    # print 0
    isalpha(&quot;ABCabc123&quot;) + nl + # print 0
    isalpha(&quot;How are you&quot;)      # print 0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="iscntrl-function">
<h2>IsCntrl() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#iscntrl-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsCntrl() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsCntrl(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a control character (no printing position) or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>See iscntrl(&quot;hello&quot;) + nl +     # print 0
    iscntrl(nl)                 # print 1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isdigit-function">
<h2>IsDigit() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isdigit-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsDigit() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsDigit(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a digit or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isdigit(&quot;0123456789&quot;) + nl +        # print 1
    isdigit(&quot;0123a&quot;)                    # print 0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isgraph-function">
<h2>IsGraph() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isgraph-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsGraph() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsGraph(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value can be printed (Except space) or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isgraph(&quot;abcdef&quot;) + nl +    # print 1
    isgraph(&quot;abc def&quot;)          # print 0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="islower-function">
<h2>IsLower() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#islower-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsLower() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsLower(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is lowercase letter or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see islower(&quot;abcDEF&quot;) + nl +    # print 0
    islower(&quot;ghi&quot;)              # print 1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isprint-function">
<h2>IsPrint() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isprint-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsPrint() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsPrint(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value occupies a printing position or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isprint(&quot;Hello&quot;) + nl +             # print 1
    isprint(&quot;Nice to see you&quot;) + nl +   # print 1
    isprint(nl)                         # print 0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ispunct-function">
<h2>IsPunct() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#ispunct-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsPunct() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsPunct(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a punctuation character or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see ispunct(&quot;hello&quot;) + nl +     # print 0
    ispunct(&quot;,&quot;)                # print 1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isspace-function">
<h2>IsSpace() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isspace-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsSpace() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsSpace(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a white-space or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isspace(&quot;   &quot;) + nl +       # print 1
    isspace(&quot;test&quot;)             # print 0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isupper-function">
<h2>IsUpper() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isupper-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsUpper() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsUpper(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is an uppercase alphabetic letter or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isupper(&quot;welcome&quot;) + nl +    # print 0
    isupper(&quot;WELCOME&quot;)           # print 1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="isxdigit-function">
<h2>IsXdigit() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#isxdigit-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can test a character or a string using the IsXdigit() Function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>IsXdigit(value) ---&gt; 1 if the value is a hexdecimal digit character or 0 if not
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see isxdigit(&quot;0123456789abcdef&quot;) + nl +  # print 1
    isxdigit(&quot;123z&quot;)                     # print 0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conversion">
<span id="index-7"></span><h2>Conversion<a class="headerlink" href="#conversion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The next functions can be used for conversion</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>number()</li>
<li>string()</li>
<li>ascii()</li>
<li>char()</li>
<li>hex()</li>
<li>dec()</li>
<li>str2hex()</li>
<li>hex2str()</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="number-function">
<h2>Number() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#number-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert strings to numbers using the Number() function or the + operator.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Number(string) ---&gt; Number
0 + string ---&gt; Number
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see number(&quot;5&quot;) + 5 + nl        # print 10
see 0 + &quot;10&quot; + 2                # print 12
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="string-function">
<h2>String() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#string-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert numbers to strings using the String() function or the + operator.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>String(number) ---&gt; String
&quot;&quot; + number ---&gt; String
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see string(5) + 5 + nl          # print 55
see &quot;&quot; + 10 + 2                 # print 102
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ascii-function">
<h2>Ascii() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#ascii-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can get the ASCII code for a letter using the Ascii() function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Ascii(character) ---&gt; ASCII Code
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>See ascii(&quot;m&quot;) + nl +   # print 109
    ascii(&quot;M&quot;)          # print 77
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="char-function">
<h2>Char() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#char-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert the ASCII code to character using the Char() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Char(ASCII Code) ---&gt; character
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>See char(109) + nl +    # print m
    char(77)            # print M
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hex-function">
<h2>Hex() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#hex-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert decimal to hexadecimal using the Hex() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Hex(decimal) ---&gt; hexadecimal
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>See hex(10) + nl +      # print a
    hex(200)            # print c8
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dec-function">
<h2>Dec() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#dec-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert hexadecimal to decimal using the Dec() function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Dec(hexadecimal) ---&gt; decimal
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>See dec(&quot;a&quot;) + nl +     # print 10
    dec(&quot;c8&quot;)           # print 200
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="str2hex-function">
<h2>Str2hex() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#str2hex-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert string characters to hexadecimal characters using the Str2hex() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Str2hex(string) ---&gt; hexadecimal string
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>See str2hex(&quot;hello&quot;)    # print 68656c6c6f
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hex2str-function">
<h2>Hex2str() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#hex2str-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert hexadecimal characters to string using the Hex2str() function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Hex2Str(Hexadecimal string) ---&gt; string
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>See hex2str(&quot;68656c6c6f&quot;)       # print hello
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>


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  <h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Check Data Type and Conversion</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#check-data-type">Check Data Type</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isstring-function">IsString() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isnumber-function">IsNumber() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#islist-function">IsList() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#type-function">Type() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isnull-function">IsNULL() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#check-character">Check Character</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isalnum-function">IsAlNum() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isalpha-function">IsAlpha() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#iscntrl-function">IsCntrl() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isdigit-function">IsDigit() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isgraph-function">IsGraph() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#islower-function">IsLower() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isprint-function">IsPrint() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ispunct-function">IsPunct() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isspace-function">IsSpace() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isupper-function">IsUpper() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#isxdigit-function">IsXdigit() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#conversion">Conversion</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#number-function">Number() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#string-function">String() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ascii-function">Ascii() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#char-function">Char() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hex-function">Hex() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dec-function">Dec() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#str2hex-function">Str2hex() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hex2str-function">Hex2str() Function</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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