-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 3
/
Copy pathstrings.html
408 lines (390 loc) · 16.4 KB
/
strings.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Strings — Ring 1.0 documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/classic.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
URL_ROOT: './',
VERSION: '1.0',
COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
HAS_SOURCE: true
};
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
<link rel="top" title="Ring 1.0 documentation" href="index.html" />
<link rel="next" title="Date and Time" href="dateandtime.html" />
<link rel="prev" title="Lists" href="lists.html" />
</head>
<body role="document">
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="genindex.html" title="General Index"
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="dateandtime.html" title="Date and Time"
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="lists.html" title="Lists"
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">Ring 1.0 documentation</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="documentwrapper">
<div class="bodywrapper">
<div class="body" role="main">
<div class="section" id="strings">
<h1>Strings<a class="headerlink" href="#strings" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>In this chapter we are going to learn about strings creation and manipulation.</p>
<div class="section" id="string-literals">
<h2>String Literals<a class="headerlink" href="#string-literals" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "This is a string"
cStr2 = 'Another string'
cStr3 = :JustAnotherString
cStr4 = `Yet "another" 'string' ! `
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="get-string-length">
<h2>Get String Length<a class="headerlink" href="#get-string-length" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can get the string length (letters count inside a string) using the len() function</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>len(string) ---> string length
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "How are you?"
see cStr + nl
see "String size : " + len(cStr) + nl
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="convert-letters-case">
<h2>Convert Letters Case<a class="headerlink" href="#convert-letters-case" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>lower(string) ---> convert string letters to lower case
upper(string) ---> convert string letters to UPPER case
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "Welcome To The Ring Programming Language"
see cStr + nl + upper(cStr) + nl + lower(cStr)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="access-string-letters">
<h2>Access String Letters<a class="headerlink" href="#access-string-letters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can access a letter inside a string by the letter index</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>string[index] ---> get string letter
string[index] = letter # set string letter
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre># print user name letter by letter (each letter in new line)
See "Hello, Enter your name : " give cName
for x = 1 to len(cName)
see nl + cName[x]
next
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We can use for in to get string letters.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre># print user name letter by letter (each letter in new line)
See "Hello, Enter your name : " give cName
for x in cName
see nl + x
next
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>We can modify the string letters</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre># convert the first letter to UPPER case
See "Enter your name : " give cName
cName[1] = upper(cName[1])
see "Hello " + cName
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="left-function">
<h2>Left() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#left-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can get a specified number of characters from a string using the Left() function.</p>
<p>The starting position is 1.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Left(string,count)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see left("Hello World!",5) # print Hello
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="right-function">
<h2>Right() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#right-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can get a specified number of characters from a string using the Right() function.</p>
<p>The starting position is the last character on the right.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>Right(string,count)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see Right("Hello World!",6) # print World!
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="trim-function">
<h2>Trim() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#trim-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can remove all leading and trailing spaces from a string using the Trim() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>trim(string)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cMsg = " Welcome "
see trim(cMsg) # print Welcome
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="copy-function">
<h2>Copy() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#copy-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can duplicate a string more than one time using the copy() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>copy(string,nCount) ---> string replicated nCount times
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see copy("***hello***",3) # print ***hello******hello******hello***
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="lines-function">
<h2>Lines() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#lines-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can count the number of lines inside a string using the Lines() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>lines(string) ---> Number of lines inside the string
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "Hello
How are you?
are you fine?"
see lines(cStr) # print 3
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="substr-function">
<h2>Substr() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#substr-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can work on sub strings inside a string using the substr() function.
Using Substr() we can</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Find substring</li>
<li>Get substring from position to end</li>
<li>Get Number of characters from position</li>
<li>Transform Substring To Another Substring</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="find-substring">
<h2>Find substring<a class="headerlink" href="#find-substring" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>substr(string,substring) ---> the starting position of substring in string
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "Welcome to the Ring programming language"
see substr(cStr,"Ring") # print 16
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="get-substring-from-position-to-end">
<h2>Get substring from position to end<a class="headerlink" href="#get-substring-from-position-to-end" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>substr(string,position) ---> Get substring starting from position to end
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "Welcome to the Ring programming language"
nPos = substr(cStr,"Ring") # nPos = 16
see substr(cStr,nPos) # print Ring programming language
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="get-number-of-characters-from-position">
<h2>Get Number of Characters From Position<a class="headerlink" href="#get-number-of-characters-from-position" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>substr(string,position,count) ---> Get characters starting from position
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "Welcome to the Ring programming language"
nPos = substr(cStr,"Ring") # nPos = 16
see substr(cStr,nPos,4) # print Ring
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="transform-substring-to-another-substring">
<h2>Transform Substring To Another Substring<a class="headerlink" href="#transform-substring-to-another-substring" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>substr(string,substring,newsubstring) ---> Transformed string (Match case)
substr(string,substring,newsubstring,1) ---> Transformed string (Ignore case)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>cStr = "Welcome to the New programming language"
see substr(cStr,"New","Ring") + nl # print Welcome to the Ring programming language
see substr(cStr,"new","Ring",1)+ nl # print Welcome to the Ring programming language
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="strcmp-function">
<h2>strcmp() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#strcmp-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can compare between two strings using the strcmp() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>strcmp(cString1,cString2) ---> value = 0 if cString1 = cString2
value < 0 if cString1 < cString2
value > 0 if cString1 > cString2
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>see strcmp("hello","hello") + nl +
strcmp("abc","bcd") + nl +
strcmp("bcd","abc") + nl
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>0
-1
1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="str2list-and-list2str-functions">
<h2>str2list() and list2str() Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#str2list-and-list2str-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can convert string lines to list items using the str2list() function.
Also we can convert the list to a string using list2str() function.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>str2list(string) ---> list contains the string lines
list2str(list) ---> string contains the list items
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre>/* output:
** Items : 4
** Item : Hello
** Item : How are you ?
** Item : are you fine ?
** Item : ok
** list2Str result = Hello
** How are you ?
** are you fine ?
** ok
** Done
*/
mystr = "Hello
How are you ?
are you fine ?
ok"
mylist = str2list(mystr)
see "Items : " + len(mylist) + nl
for x in mylist
see "Item : " + x + nl
next
newstr = list2str(mylist)
see "list2Str result = " + newstr
if mystr = newstr
see nl + "Done"
else
see nl + "Error!"
ok
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Strings</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#string-literals">String Literals</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#get-string-length">Get String Length</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#convert-letters-case">Convert Letters Case</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#access-string-letters">Access String Letters</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#left-function">Left() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#right-function">Right() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#trim-function">Trim() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#copy-function">Copy() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#lines-function">Lines() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#substr-function">Substr() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#find-substring">Find substring</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#get-substring-from-position-to-end">Get substring from position to end</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#get-number-of-characters-from-position">Get Number of Characters From Position</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#transform-substring-to-another-substring">Transform Substring To Another Substring</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#strcmp-function">strcmp() Function</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#str2list-and-list2str-functions">str2list() and list2str() Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="lists.html"
title="previous chapter">Lists</a></p>
<h4>Next topic</h4>
<p class="topless"><a href="dateandtime.html"
title="next chapter">Date and Time</a></p>
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
<h3>This Page</h3>
<ul class="this-page-menu">
<li><a href="_sources/strings.txt"
rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
<h3>Quick search</h3>
<form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q" />
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
</form>
<p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%">
Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
</p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
<h3>Navigation</h3>
<ul>
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
<a href="genindex.html" title="General Index"
>index</a></li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="dateandtime.html" title="Date and Time"
>next</a> |</li>
<li class="right" >
<a href="lists.html" title="Lists"
>previous</a> |</li>
<li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">Ring 1.0 documentation</a> »</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer" role="contentinfo">
© Copyright 2016, Mahmoud Samir Fayed.
Created using <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.3.1.
</div>
</body>
</html>