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  <div class="section" id="stdlib-classes">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>Stdlib Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#stdlib-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>In this chapter we are going to learn about the classes in the stdlib.ring</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>StdBase Class</p></li>
<li><p>String Class</p></li>
<li><p>List Class</p></li>
<li><p>Stack Class</p></li>
<li><p>Queue Class</p></li>
<li><p>HashTable Class</p></li>
<li><p>Tree Class</p></li>
<li><p>Math Class</p></li>
<li><p>DateTime Class</p></li>
<li><p>File Class</p></li>
<li><p>System Class</p></li>
<li><p>Debug Class</p></li>
<li><p>DataType Class</p></li>
<li><p>Conversion Class</p></li>
<li><p>ODBC CLass</p></li>
<li><p>MySQL Class</p></li>
<li><p>SQLite Class</p></li>
<li><p>PostgreSQL Class</p></li>
<li><p>Security Class</p></li>
<li><p>Internet Class</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="stdbase-class">
<span id="index-1"></span><h2>StdBase Class<a class="headerlink" href="#stdbase-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Attributes:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>vValue : Object Value</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Init(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Set vValue Attribute to x value</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Print()</p></td>
<td><p>Print vValue</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>PrintLn()</p></td>
<td><p>Print vValue then New Line</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Size()</p></td>
<td><p>return number represent the size of vValue</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Value()</p></td>
<td><p>return vValue</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Set(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Call Init(x)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="string-class">
<span id="index-2"></span><h2>String Class<a class="headerlink" href="#string-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Parent Class : StdBase Class</p>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Init(String|Number|List)</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Lower()</p></td>
<td><p>New String - Lower case characters</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Upper()</p></td>
<td><p>New String - Upper case characters</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Left(x)</p></td>
<td><p>New String - contains x characters from the left</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Right(x)</p></td>
<td><p>New String - contains x characters from the right</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Lines()</p></td>
<td><p>Number - Lines count</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Trim()</p></td>
<td><p>New String - Remove Spaces</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Copy(x)</p></td>
<td><p>New String - repeat string x times</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>strcmp(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Compare string with cString</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>tolist()</p></td>
<td><p>List (String Lines to String Items)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>tofile(cFileName)</p></td>
<td><p>Write string to file</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>mid(nPos1,nPos2)</p></td>
<td><p>New String - from nPos1 to nPos2</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>getfrom(nPos1)</p></td>
<td><p>New String - from nPos1 to the end of the string</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>replace(cStr1,cStr2,lCase)</p></td>
<td><p>New String - Replace cStr1 with cStr2 , lCase (True=Match Case)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>split()</p></td>
<td><p>List - Each Word as list item</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>startswith(substring)</p></td>
<td><p>Return true if the start starts with a substring</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>endswith(substring)</p></td>
<td><p>Return true if the start ends with a substring</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Testing the String Class&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hi&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">&quot;Hello&quot;</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">lines</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;    Welcome    &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">trim</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello! &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello! &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strcmp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello!! &quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">lines</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1234</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">String</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">nl</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">nl</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">aList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tolist</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;List Items&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">aList</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">String</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="s">&quot;Welcome to the Ring programming language&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;the - position : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;the&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getfrom</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Ring&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Ring&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;***Ring***&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">true</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ring&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;***Ring***&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;First&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Second&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oString1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oString2</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oString1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">ostring</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">next</span>
<span class="n">oString</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tofile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;test.txt&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;one two three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">ostring</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oString</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;How are you?&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Testing</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="kt">String</span> <span class="k">Class</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">World</span><span class="o">!</span>
<span class="n">HELLO</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">WORLD</span><span class="o">!</span>
<span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">world</span><span class="o">!</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span>
<span class="n">World</span><span class="o">!</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
        <span class="n">Welcome</span>
<span class="n">Welcome</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span><span class="o">!</span> <span class="n">Hello</span><span class="o">!</span> <span class="n">Hello</span><span class="o">!</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">1234</span>
<span class="kt">List</span> <span class="n">Items</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">the</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">position</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="n">Ring</span> <span class="n">programming</span> <span class="n">language</span>
<span class="n">Ring</span>
<span class="o">***</span><span class="n">Ring</span><span class="o">***</span> <span class="n">programming</span> <span class="n">language</span>
<span class="o">******</span><span class="n">Ring</span><span class="o">******</span> <span class="n">programming</span> <span class="n">language</span>
<span class="n">FirstSecond</span>
<span class="n">FirstFirstFirst</span>
<span class="n">FirstFirstFirst</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span>
<span class="n">How</span> <span class="n">are</span> <span class="n">you</span><span class="o">?</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="list-class">
<span id="index-3"></span><h2>List Class<a class="headerlink" href="#list-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Parent Class : StdBase Class</p>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Init(String|List)</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Add(Value)</p></td>
<td><p>Add item to the list</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Delete(nIndex)</p></td>
<td><p>Delete item from the list</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Item(nIndex)</p></td>
<td><p>Get item from the list</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>First()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the first item in the list</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Last()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the last item in the list</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Set(nIndex,Value)</p></td>
<td><p>Set item value</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>FindInColumn(nCol,Value)</p></td>
<td><p>Find item in a column</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Sort()</p></td>
<td><p>Sort items - return new list</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Reverse()</p></td>
<td><p>Reverse items - return new list</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Insert(nIndex,Value)</p></td>
<td><p>Inset Item after nIndex</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">last</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">find</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sort</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">reverse</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;nice&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;Search two : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">findincolumn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;Search 1 : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">findincolumn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s">&quot;Egypt&quot;</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;USA&quot;</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;KSA&quot;</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">oList</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">next</span>
<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="o">=</span>  <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oList2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;four&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oList</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oList2</span>
<span class="n">oList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">nice</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="o">**********</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">Search</span> <span class="n">two</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">Search</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">Egypt</span>
<span class="n">USA</span>
<span class="n">KSA</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="mi">6</span>
<span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">four</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="stack-class">
<span id="index-4"></span><h2>Stack Class<a class="headerlink" href="#stack-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Parent Class : List Class</p>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Init(String|Number|List)</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Push(Value)</p></td>
<td><p>Push item to the stack</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Pop()</p></td>
<td><p>Pop item from the stack</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Print()</p></td>
<td><p>Print the stack items</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oStack</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">Stack</span>
<span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oStack</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">oStack</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="queue-class">
<span id="index-5"></span><h2>Queue Class<a class="headerlink" href="#queue-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Parent Class : List Class</p>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Init(String|Number|List)</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Remove()</p></td>
<td><p>Remove item from the Queue.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oQueue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">Queue</span>
<span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oQueue</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">oQueue</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hashtable-class">
<span id="index-6"></span><h2>HashTable Class<a class="headerlink" href="#hashtable-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Parent Class : List Class</p>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Init(List)</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Add(cKey,Value)</p></td>
<td><p>Add item to the HashTable</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Set(cKey,Value)</p></td>
<td><p>Set item value using the Key</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>GetValue(cKey)</p></td>
<td><p>Get item value using the Key</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Contains(cKey)</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the HashTable contains item using the Key</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Index(cKey)</p></td>
<td><p>Get the item index using the Key</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">ohashtable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">hashtable</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the hashtable Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">ohashtable</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Egypt&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;Cairo&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;KSA&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;Riyadh&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s">&quot;Egypt&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s">&quot;KSA&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Egypt&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">contains</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;USA&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;KSA&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">NL</span>
        <span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;KSA&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="kt">hashtable</span> <span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">Methods</span>
<span class="n">Cairo</span>
<span class="n">Riyadh</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">Egypt</span>
<span class="n">Cairo</span>
<span class="n">KSA</span>
<span class="n">Riyadh</span>
<span class="o">************************************************************</span>
<span class="n">Egypt</span>
<span class="n">Cairo</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tree-class">
<span id="index-7"></span><h2>Tree Class<a class="headerlink" href="#tree-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Data:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Attribute</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Data</p></td>
<td><p>Node Value</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Children</p></td>
<td><p>Children List</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>set(value)</p></td>
<td><p>Set the node value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>value()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the node value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Add(value)</p></td>
<td><p>Add new child.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>parent()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the parent node.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>print()</p></td>
<td><p>Print the tree nodes.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">otree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">tree</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the tree Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">otree</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;The first step&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>   <span class="c"># set the root node value</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
                <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;3.1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
                <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;3.2&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
                <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;3.3&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
                <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">children</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">children</span>
        <span class="n">oTree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">children</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
                <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;2.1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;2.2&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;2.3&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
                        <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;2.3.1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;2.3.2&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
                <span class="p">}</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
        <span class="n">oTree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">children</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">children</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">children</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;2.3.3&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oTree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">print</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="kt">tree</span> <span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">Methods</span>
<span class="n">The</span> <span class="n">first</span> <span class="k">step</span>
<span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">3.1</span>
<span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">children</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">3.2</span>
<span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">children</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">3.3</span>
<span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">children</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">children</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">children</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">three</span>
<span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">children</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">List</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="o">************************************************************</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="mf">2.1</span>
<span class="mf">2.2</span>
<span class="mf">2.3</span>
<span class="mf">2.3.1</span>
<span class="mf">2.3.2</span>
<span class="mf">2.3.3</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
<span class="mf">3.1</span>
<span class="mf">3.2</span>
<span class="mf">3.3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="math-class">
<span id="index-8"></span><h2>Math Class<a class="headerlink" href="#math-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 16%" />
<col style="width: 84%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>sin(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the sine of an angle of x radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>cos(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the cosine of an angle of x radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>tan(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the tangent of an angle of x radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>asin(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the principal value of the arc sine of x, expressed in radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>acos(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the principal value of the arc cosine of x, expressed in radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>atan(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the principal value of the arc tangent of x, expressed in radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>atan2(y,x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the principal arc tangent of y/x, in the interval [-pi,+pi] radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sinh(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the hyperbolic sine of x radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>cosh(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>tanh(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x radians</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>exp(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the value of e raised to the xth power</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>log(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the natural logarithm of x</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>log10(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the common logarithm (base-10 logarithm) of x</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>ceil(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the smallest integer value greater than or equal to x</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>floor(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the largest integer value less than or equal to x</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>fabs(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the absolute value of x.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>pow(x,y)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns x raised to the power of y</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sqrt(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns the square root of x</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>random(x)</p></td>
<td><p>Returns a random number in the range [0,x]</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>unsigned(n,n,c)</p></td>
<td><p>Perform operation using unsigned numbers</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>decimals(n)</p></td>
<td><p>Determine the decimals digits after the point in float/double numbers</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oMath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Math</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the Math Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Sin(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Sin(90) radians = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Sin(90) degree = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">3.14</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">180</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Cos(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Cos(90) radians = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Cos(90) degree = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">3.14</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">180</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Tan(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Tan(90) radians = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Tan(90) degree = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mf">3.14</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">180</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;asin(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">asin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;acos(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">acos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;atan(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">atan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;atan2(1,1) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span> <span class="n">atan2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;sinh(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sinh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;sinh(1) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sinh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;cosh(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cosh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;cosh(1) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cosh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;tanh(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tanh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;tanh(1) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tanh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;exp(0) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;exp(1) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;log(1) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;log(2) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;log10(1) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">log10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;log10(2) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">log10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;log10(10) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">log10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Ceil(1.12) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ceil</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.12</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Ceil(1.72) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ceil</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.72</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Floor(1.12) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.12</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Floor(1.72) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.72</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;fabs(1.12) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fabs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.12</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;fabs(1.72) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">fabs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.72</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;pow(2,3) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">pow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;sqrt(16) = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
                <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;Random number Max (100) : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">next</span>

<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.1234567890123</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">14</span>
        <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">decimals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">next</span>

<span class="n">cKey</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span>

<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">cKey</span>
        <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ascii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s">&quot;+&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;&lt;&lt;&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s">&quot;+&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;&gt;&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;^&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">next</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;&lt;&lt;&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s">&quot;+&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;&gt;&gt;&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s">&quot;^&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">oMath</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unsigned</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;&lt;&lt;&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="s">&quot;+&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;Hash : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">h</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">Math</span> <span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">Methods</span>
<span class="n">Sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">Sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">radians</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.89</span>
<span class="n">Sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">degree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.00</span>
<span class="n">Cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">Cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">radians</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.45</span>
<span class="n">Cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">degree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.00</span>
<span class="n">Tan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">Tan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">radians</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">2.00</span>
<span class="n">Tan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">90</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">degree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1255.77</span>
<span class="n">asin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">acos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.57</span>
<span class="n">atan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">atan2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.79</span>
<span class="n">sinh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">sinh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.18</span>
<span class="n">cosh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">cosh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.54</span>
<span class="n">tanh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">tanh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.76</span>
<span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">2.72</span>
<span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.69</span>
<span class="n">log10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">log10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.30</span>
<span class="n">log10</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">Ceil</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.12</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">Ceil</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.72</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">Floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.12</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">Floor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.72</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">fabs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.12</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.12</span>
<span class="n">fabs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.72</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.72</span>
<span class="n">pow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">87</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">49</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">99</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">58</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">15</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">46</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">37</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">73</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">35</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">89</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">80</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">33</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">44</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">89</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">82</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">94</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">83</span>
<span class="n">Random</span> <span class="n">number</span> <span class="n">Max</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">68</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mf">1.1</span>
<span class="mf">1.12</span>
<span class="mf">1.123</span>
<span class="mf">1.1235</span>
<span class="mf">1.12346</span>
<span class="mf">1.123457</span>
<span class="mf">1.1234568</span>
<span class="mf">1.12345679</span>
<span class="mf">1.123456789</span>
<span class="mf">1.1234567890</span>
<span class="mf">1.12345678901</span>
<span class="mf">1.123456789012</span>
<span class="mf">1.1234567890123</span>
<span class="mf">1.12345678901230</span>
<span class="n">Hash</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">3372029979.00000000000000</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="datetime-class">
<span id="index-9"></span><h2>DateTime Class<a class="headerlink" href="#datetime-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>clock()</p></td>
<td><p>The number of clock ticks from program start.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>time()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the system time.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>date()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the date.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>timelist()</p></td>
<td><p>List contains the date and the time information.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>adddays(cDate,nDays)</p></td>
<td><p>Return Date from cDate and after nDays</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>diffdays(cDate1,cDate2)</p></td>
<td><p>Return the Number of days (cDate1 - cDate2)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oDateTime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the datetime Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Calculate performance&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">t1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clock</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">1000000</span> <span class="k">next</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clock</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">t1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Time : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Date : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">TimeList</span><span class="p">()</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Month Name : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">TimeList</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">]</span>

<span class="n">cDate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">cDate</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">cDate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adddays</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cDate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">cDate</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="n">cDate1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">cDate1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">cDate2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">adddays</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cDate1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">cDate2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;DiffDays = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">diffdays</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cDate1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">cDate2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;DiffDays = &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">oDateTime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">diffdays</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cDate2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">cDate1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">datetime</span> <span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">Methods</span>
<span class="n">Calculate</span> <span class="n">performance</span>
<span class="mi">85</span>
<span class="n">Time</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">53</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">35</span>
<span class="n">Date</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2016</span>
<span class="n">Wed</span>
<span class="n">Wednesday</span>
<span class="n">Aug</span>
<span class="n">August</span>
<span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">16</span> <span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">53</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">35</span>
<span class="mi">31</span>
<span class="mi">02</span>
<span class="mi">02</span>
<span class="mi">244</span>
<span class="mi">08</span>
<span class="mi">53</span>
<span class="n">AM</span>
<span class="mi">35</span>
<span class="mi">35</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">16</span>
<span class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">53</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">35</span>
<span class="mi">16</span>
<span class="mi">2016</span>
<span class="n">Arab</span> <span class="n">Standard</span> <span class="n">Time</span>
<span class="o">%</span>
<span class="n">Month</span> <span class="n">Name</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">August31</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2016</span>
<span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2016</span>
<span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">08</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2016</span>
<span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">09</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2016</span>
<span class="n">DiffDays</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="n">DiffDays</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="file-class">
<span id="index-10"></span><h2>File Class<a class="headerlink" href="#file-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 27%" />
<col style="width: 73%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>read(cFileName)</p></td>
<td><p>Read the file content</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>write(cFileName,cStr)</p></td>
<td><p>Write string to file</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>dir(cFolderPath)</p></td>
<td><p>Get the folder contents (files &amp; sub folders)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>rename(cOld,cNew)</p></td>
<td><p>Rename files using the Rename() function</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>remove(cFileName)</p></td>
<td><p>Delete a file using the Remove() function</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>open(cFileName,cMode)</p></td>
<td><p>Open a file using the Fopen() function</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>close()</p></td>
<td><p>Close file</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>flush()</p></td>
<td><p>Flushes the output buffer of a stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>reopen(cFileName,cMode)</p></td>
<td><p>Open another file using the same file handle</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>tempfile()</p></td>
<td><p>Creates a temp. file (binary).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>seek(noffset,nwhence)</p></td>
<td><p>Set the file position of the stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>tell()</p></td>
<td><p>Know the current file position of a stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>rewind()</p></td>
<td><p>Set the file position to the beginning of the file</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>getpos()</p></td>
<td><p>Get handle to the current file position</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>setpos(poshandle)</p></td>
<td><p>Set the current file position</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>clearerr()</p></td>
<td><p>Clear the EOF error and the error indicators of a stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>eof()</p></td>
<td><p>Test the end-of-file indicator</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>error()</p></td>
<td><p>Test the error indicator</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>perror(cErrorMessage)</p></td>
<td><p>Print error message to the stderr</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>getc()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the next character from the stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>gets(nsize)</p></td>
<td><p>Read new line from the stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>putc(cchar)</p></td>
<td><p>Write a character to the stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>puts(cStr)</p></td>
<td><p>Write a string to the stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>ungetc(cchar)</p></td>
<td><p>Push a character to the stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>fread(nsize)</p></td>
<td><p>Read data from a stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>fwrite(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Write data to a stream</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>exists(cFileName)</p></td>
<td><p>Check if a file exists</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">ofile</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">file</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the file Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">ofile</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">())</span>

<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">ofile</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">ofile</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">gets</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">ofile</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="system-class">
<span id="index-11"></span><h2>System Class<a class="headerlink" href="#system-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 27%" />
<col style="width: 73%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>system()</p></td>
<td><p>Execute system commands</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sysget()</p></td>
<td><p>Get environment variables</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>ismsdos()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is MSDOS or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>iswindows()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is Windows or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>iswindows64()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is Windows 64bit or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isunix()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is Unix or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>ismacosx()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is macOS or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>islinux()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is Linux or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>isfreebsd()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is FreeBSD or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isandroid()</p></td>
<td><p>Check if the operating system is Android or not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>windowsnl()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the windows new line string</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sysargv()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the command line arguments passed to the ring script</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>filename()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the active source file</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oSystem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">System</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the System Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">system</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;dir&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sysget</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;path&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ismsdos</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iswindows</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iswindows64</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isunix</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ismacosx</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">islinux</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isfreebsd</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isandroid</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">windowsnl</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sysargv</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oSystem</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="debug-class">
<span id="index-12"></span><h2>Debug Class<a class="headerlink" href="#debug-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>eval(cCode)</p></td>
<td><p>Execute code during the runtime from string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>raise(cError)</p></td>
<td><p>Raise an exception.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>assert(cCondition)</p></td>
<td><p>Test condition before executing the code.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oDebug</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Debug</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the Debug Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oDebug</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">eval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;see &#39;Hello&#39;+nl&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">try</span>
        <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
        <span class="n">oDebug</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">catch</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;assert&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="k">done</span>
<span class="n">raise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Error!&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="datatype-class">
<span id="index-13"></span><h2>DataType Class<a class="headerlink" href="#datatype-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>isstring(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>We can know if the value is a string or not.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isnumber(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>We can know if the value is a number or not.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>islist(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>We can know if the value is a list or not.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>type(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Know the type of a value</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>isnull(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Check the value to know if it’s null or not.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isalnum(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is digit/letter or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>isalpha(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is a letter or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>iscntrl(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is a control character (no printing position)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>isdigit(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is a digit or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isgraph(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value can be printed (Except space) or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>islower(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is lowercase letter or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isprint(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value occupies a printing position or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>ispunct(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is a punctuation character or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isspace(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is a white-space or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>isupper(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is an uppercase alphabetic letter or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>isxdigit(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>1 if the value is a hexdecimal digit character or 0 if not</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oDataType</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">DataType</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the DataType Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isstring</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isnumber</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">islist</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isnull</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kp">null</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalnum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>     <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalnum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;123456&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>    <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalnum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ABCabc123&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalnum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;How are you&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>     <span class="c"># print 0 because of spaces</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalpha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>     <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalpha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;123456&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>    <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalpha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ABCabc123&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isalpha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;How are you&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>    <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iscntrl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>     <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">iscntrl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nl</span><span class="p">)</span>                 <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isdigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;0123456789&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>        <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isdigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;0123a&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isgraph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;abcdef&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>    <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isgraph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;abc def&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>   <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>        <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">islower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;abcDEF&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>    <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">islower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;ghi&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>          <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isprint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>             <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isprint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Nice to see you&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>   <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isprint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nl</span><span class="p">)</span>    <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>                      <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isprint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>              <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isupper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;welcome&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>    <span class="c"># print 0</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isupper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;WELCOME&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>         <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isxdigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;0123456789abcdef&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>  <span class="c"># print 1</span>
<span class="n">oDataType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">isxdigit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;123z&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>                     <span class="c"># print 0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">DataType</span> <span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">Methods</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="kt">STRING</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">11</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">0</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conversion-class">
<span id="index-14"></span><h2>Conversion Class<a class="headerlink" href="#conversion-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>number(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Convert strings to numbers.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>string(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Convert numbers to strings.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>ascii(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Get the ASCII code for a letter.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>char(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Convert the ASCII code to character.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>hex(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Convert decimal to hexadecimal.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>dec(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Convert hexadecimal to decimal.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>str2hex(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Convert string characters to hexadecimal characters.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>hex2str(vValue)</p></td>
<td><p>Convert hexadecimal characters to string.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oConversion</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">conversion</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the conversion Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">number</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;3&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">5</span>  <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">&quot;5&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Ascii</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;m&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">77</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">162</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;a2&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">cHex</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">str2hex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;Hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">cHex</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">oConversion</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hex2str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cHex</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Test the conversion Class Methods
8
35
109
M
a2
162
48656c6c6f
Hello
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="odbc-class">
<span id="index-15"></span><h2>ODBC Class<a class="headerlink" href="#odbc-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%" />
<col style="width: 72%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>drivers()</p></td>
<td><p>Get a list of ODBC drivers.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>datasources()</p></td>
<td><p>Get a list of ODBC data sources.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>close()</p></td>
<td><p>Free resources.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>connect(cConString)</p></td>
<td><p>Connect to the database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>disconnect()</p></td>
<td><p>Close the connection.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>execute(cSQL)</p></td>
<td><p>Execute SQL Statements</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>colcount()</p></td>
<td><p>Get columns count in the query result</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>fetch()</p></td>
<td><p>Fetch a row from the query result</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>getdata(nCol)</p></td>
<td><p>Get column value from the fetched row</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>tables()</p></td>
<td><p>Get a list of tables inside the database</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>columns(cTableName)</p></td>
<td><p>Get a list of columns inside the table</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>autocommit(lStatus)</p></td>
<td><p>Enable or disable the auto commit feature</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>commit()</p></td>
<td><p>Commit updates to the database</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>rollback()</p></td>
<td><p>Rollback updates to the database</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oodbc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">odbc</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the odbc Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oODBC</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">drivers</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">datasources</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Connect to database&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;DBQ=test.mdb;Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)}&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Select data&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;select * from person&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="n">nMax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">colcount</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Columns Count : &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nMax</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">fetch</span><span class="p">()</span>
                <span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Row data:&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="n">nMax</span>
                        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">getdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">&quot; - &quot;</span>
                <span class="k">next</span>
        <span class="k">end</span>
        <span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Close database...&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="n">disconnect</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mysql-class">
<span id="index-16"></span><h2>MySQL Class<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 29%" />
<col style="width: 71%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>info()</p></td>
<td><p>Return string contains the MySQL Client version.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>error()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the error message from the MySQL Client.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>connect(cServer,cUser,cPass,cDatabase)</p></td>
<td><p>Connect to the MySQL database server.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>close()</p></td>
<td><p>Close the connection to the MySQL database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>query(cQuery)</p></td>
<td><p>Execute SQL queries.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>insert_id()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the inserted row id.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>result()</p></td>
<td><p>Get the query result (data without column names).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>next_result()</p></td>
<td><p>Move to the next query result.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>columns()</p></td>
<td><p>Get a list of columns names.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>result2()</p></td>
<td><p>Get all of the column names then the query result in one list.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>escape_string(cStr)</p></td>
<td><p>Before storing binary data and special characters in the database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>autocommit(lStatus)</p></td>
<td><p>Enable or disable the auto commit feature.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>commit()</p></td>
<td><p>Commit updates to the database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>rollback()</p></td>
<td><p>Rollback updates to the database.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">omysql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">mysql</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the MySQL Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">omysql</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">info</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="n">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;localhost&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;root&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;root&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s">&quot;mahdb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;Execute Query&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;SELECT * FROM Employee&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;Print Result&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">result2</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">&quot;Close database&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">MySQL</span> <span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">Methods</span>
<span class="mf">5.5.30</span>
<span class="n">Execute</span> <span class="n">Query</span>
<span class="n">Print</span> <span class="n">Result</span>
<span class="n">Id</span>
<span class="n">Name</span>
<span class="n">Salary</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">Mahmoud</span>
<span class="mi">15000</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">Samir</span>
<span class="mi">16000</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">Fayed</span>
<span class="mi">17000</span>
<span class="n">Close</span> <span class="n">database</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sqlite-class">
<span id="index-17"></span><h2>SQLite Class<a class="headerlink" href="#sqlite-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%" />
<col style="width: 65%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>open(cDatabase)</p></td>
<td><p>Open Database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>close()</p></td>
<td><p>Close Database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>errormessage()</p></td>
<td><p>Get Error Message.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>execute(cSQL)</p></td>
<td><p>Execute Query.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">osqlite</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">sqlite</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the sqlite Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">osqlite</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;test.db&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;CREATE TABLE COMPANY(&quot;</span>  <span class="o">+</span>
                <span class="s">&quot;ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;AGE            INT     NOT NULL,&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;ADDRESS        CHAR(50),&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;SALARY         REAL );&quot;</span>

        <span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) &quot;</span>  <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (1, &#39;Mahmoud&#39;, 29, &#39;Jeddah&#39;, 20000.00 ); &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) &quot;</span>  <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (2, &#39;Ahmed&#39;, 27, &#39;Jeddah&#39;, 15000.00 ); &quot;</span>     <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (3, &#39;Mohammed&#39;, 31, &#39;Egypt&#39;, 20000.00 );&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (4, &#39;Ibrahim&#39;, 24, &#39;Egypt &#39;, 65000.00 );&quot;</span>

        <span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">aResult</span> <span class="o">=</span>  <span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;select * from COMPANY&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">aResult</span>
                <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">x</span>
                        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
                <span class="k">next</span>
        <span class="k">next</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">aResult</span>
                <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="k">next</span>
        <span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">sqlite</span> <span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">Methods</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">Mahmoud</span>
<span class="mi">29</span>
<span class="n">Jeddah</span>
<span class="mf">20000.0</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">Ahmed</span>
<span class="mi">27</span>
<span class="n">Jeddah</span>
<span class="mf">15000.0</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">Mohammed</span>
<span class="mi">31</span>
<span class="n">Egypt</span>
<span class="mf">20000.0</span>
<span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="n">Ibrahim</span>
<span class="mi">24</span>
<span class="n">Egypt</span>
<span class="mf">65000.0</span>
<span class="o">**************************************************</span>
<span class="n">Mahmoud</span>
<span class="n">Ahmed</span>
<span class="n">Mohammed</span>
<span class="n">Ibrahim</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="postgresql-class">
<span id="index-18"></span><h2>PostgreSQL Class<a class="headerlink" href="#postgresql-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%" />
<col style="width: 65%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>init(cConString)</p></td>
<td><p>Open Database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>close()</p></td>
<td><p>Close Database.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>execute(cSQL)</p></td>
<td><p>Execute Query.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oPostgreSQL</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">PostgreSQL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;user=postgres password=sa dbname = mahdb&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the PostgreSQL Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>

<span class="n">oPostgreSQL</span> <span class="p">{</span>

        <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;CREATE TABLE COMPANY_TEST(&quot;</span>  <span class="o">+</span>
                <span class="s">&quot;ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;AGE            INT     NOT NULL,&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;ADDRESS        CHAR(50),&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;SALARY         REAL );&quot;</span>

        <span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY_TEST (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) &quot;</span>  <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (1, &#39;Mahmoud&#39;, 29, &#39;Jeddah&#39;, 20000.00 ); &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY_TEST (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) &quot;</span>  <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (2, &#39;Ahmed&#39;, 27, &#39;Jeddah&#39;, 15000.00 ); &quot;</span>     <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY_TEST (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (3, &#39;Mohammed&#39;, 31, &#39;Egypt&#39;, 20000.00 );&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;INSERT INTO COMPANY_TEST (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span>
                 <span class="s">&quot;VALUES (4, &#39;Ibrahim&#39;, 24, &#39;Egypt &#39;, 65000.00 );&quot;</span>

        <span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sql</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="o">?</span>  <span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;select * from COMPANY_TEST&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="o">?</span> <span class="n">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;*&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Test the PostgreSQL Class Methods
id
name
age
address
salary
1
Mahmoud
29
Jeddah
20000
2
Ahmed
27
Jeddah
15000
3
Mohammed
31
Egypt
20000
4
Ibrahim
24
Egypt
65000

**************************************************
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="security-class">
<span id="index-19"></span><h2>Security Class<a class="headerlink" href="#security-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%" />
<col style="width: 65%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Method</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description/Output</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>md5(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Calculate the MD5 hash.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sha1(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Calculate the SHA1 hash.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>sha256(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Calculate the SHA256 hash.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sha512(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Calculate the SHA512 hash.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>sha384(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Calculate the SHA384 hash.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sha224(cString)</p></td>
<td><p>Calculate the SHA224 hash.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>encrypt(cString,cKey,cIV)</p></td>
<td><p>Encrypts the data using the Blowfish algorithm.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>decrypt(cString,cKey,cIV)</p></td>
<td><p>Decrypt the data encrypted using the Encrypt() method.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>randbytes(nSize)</p></td>
<td><p>Generate a string of pseudo-random bytes.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">oSecurity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">security</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the security Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">oSecurity</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">md5</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>
        <span class="n">sha1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">sha256</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>
        <span class="n">sha512</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">sha384</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>
        <span class="n">sha256</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
        <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">15</span>  <span class="n">cKey</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;&quot;</span>   <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="n">cKey</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">next</span>
        <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">8</span>   <span class="n">cIV</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&quot;&quot;</span>   <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="kt">list</span> <span class="n">cIV</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">char</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">next</span>
        <span class="n">cCipher</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">encrypt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">cKey</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">cIV</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">cCipher</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">decrypt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cCipher</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">cKey</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">cIV</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="internet-class">
<span id="index-20"></span><h2>Internet Class<a class="headerlink" href="#internet-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Methods:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>download(cURL)</p></li>
<li><p>sendemail(cSMTPServer,cEmail,cPassword,cSender,cReceiver,cCC,cTitle,cContent)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Load</span> <span class="s">&quot;stdlib.ring&quot;</span>

<span class="n">ointernet</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">internet</span>
<span class="k">See</span> <span class="s">&quot;Test the internet Class Methods&quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">ointernet</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;www.ring-lang.sf.net&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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