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<div class="section" id="syntax-flexibility">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>Syntax Flexibility<a class="headerlink" href="#syntax-flexibility" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>In this chapter we will learn about some options that are provided automatically by the Ring
compiler for syntax flexibility.</p>
<div class="section" id="change-language-keywords">
<span id="index-1"></span><h2>Change Language Keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#change-language-keywords" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can change any keyword using the ChangeRingKeyword command.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Remember to restore the keyword again if the team will mix between styles in the same project.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>The ChangeRingKeyword command is executed in the scanner stage by the compiler (before parsing).</p>
</div>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">oldkeyword</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">newkeyword</span><span class="o">></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">print</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"welcome"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="k">see</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"Welcome"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">function</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">print</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">ok</span> <span class="n">endif</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">next</span> <span class="n">endfor</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="n">endwhile</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"x = "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"number three"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">endif</span>
<span class="n">endfor</span>
<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">--</span>
<span class="n">endwhile</span>
<span class="n">test</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">function</span> <span class="n">test</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"message from test"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">function</span> <span class="k">func</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="k">see</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">endif</span> <span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">endfor</span> <span class="k">next</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">endwhile</span> <span class="k">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="change-language-operators">
<span id="index-2"></span><h2>Change Language Operators<a class="headerlink" href="#change-language-operators" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can change any operator using the ChangeRingOperator command.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Remember to restore the operator again if the team will mix between styles in the same project.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>The ChangeRingOperartor command is executed in the scanner stage by the compiler (before parsing).</p>
</div>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">ChangeRingOperator</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">oldkeyword</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">newkeyword</span><span class="o">></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>The next program hide the + operator by changing it to _+</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>changeringoperator + _+
changeringkeyword SEE PRINT
try
print 5 + 10
catch
print nl print "error" print nl
done
changeringoperator _+ +
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The next program change the + operator to “plus”.</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">changeringoperator</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">plus</span>
<span class="k">changeringkeyword</span> <span class="k">SEE</span> <span class="n">PRINT</span>
<span class="n">Print</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="n">plus</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="k">changeringoperator</span> <span class="n">plus</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="k">changeringkeyword</span> <span class="n">PRINT</span> <span class="k">SEE</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<span class="target" id="index-3"></span></div>
<div class="section" id="load-syntax-files">
<span id="index-4"></span><h2>Load Syntax Files<a class="headerlink" href="#load-syntax-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You may store a group of ChangeRingKeyword and ChangeRingOperator commands in a file to use later
in many source files. You can’t use the Load command to call these files because</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>ChangeRingKeyword and ChangeRingOperator commands are executed in the scanner phase by the compiler (before parsing).</p></li>
<li><p>The load command is executed in the parsing phase (after the scanner phase).</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Solution: Use the LoadSyntax Command which is executed in the scanner phase.</p>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">LoadSyntax</span> <span class="s">"syntaxfile.ring"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<p>File : StyleBasicOn.ring</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">print</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">ok</span> <span class="n">endif</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">next</span> <span class="n">endfor</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="k">end</span> <span class="n">endwhile</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>File : StyleBasicOff.ring</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">print</span> <span class="k">see</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">endif</span> <span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">endfor</span> <span class="k">next</span>
<span class="k">ChangeRingKeyword</span> <span class="n">endwhile</span> <span class="k">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>File : UseStyleBasic.ring</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">LoadSyntax</span> <span class="s">"stylebasicon.ring"</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"x = "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"number three"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">endif</span>
<span class="n">endfor</span>
<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">--</span>
<span class="n">endwhile</span>
<span class="k">LoadSyntax</span> <span class="s">"stylebasicoff.ring"</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"done"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>files called by the LoadSyntax command must contains ChangeRingKeyword and ChangeRingOperator commands only.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>files called by the LoadSyntax command doesn’t support functions, packages and classes. just imperative commands only.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Using this feature you can create many styles that you can use in the same project and you can support Ring translation to other languages like Arabic, French and so on.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
<p>The effect of LoadSyntax command is related to the current source code file only.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-around-the-function-parameters">
<h2>Using “()” around the function parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#using-around-the-function-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can use () around the function parameters (optional).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"Hello"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Hello</span>
<span class="mi">7</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">myfunc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">call</span> <span class="n">myfunc</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">myfunc2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">call</span> <span class="n">myfunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="mi">7</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-semi-colon-after-and-between-statements">
<span id="index-5"></span><h2>Using Semi-colon after and between statements<a class="headerlink" href="#using-semi-colon-after-and-between-statements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In Ring we can use semi-colon after and between statements (optional).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># Using semi-colon is optional</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"Hello"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"How are you?"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"Welcome to Ring"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">one</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">two</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">three</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">two</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">three</span> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"three"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Hello</span>
<span class="n">How</span> <span class="n">are</span> <span class="n">you</span><span class="o">?</span>
<span class="n">Welcome</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="n">Ring</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="n">two</span>
<span class="n">three</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-and-in-the-start-of-the-variable-name">
<span id="index-6"></span><h2>Using $ and @ in the start of the variable name<a class="headerlink" href="#using-and-in-the-start-of-the-variable-name" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>You can use any unicode character in the variable name also we can use $ and @ in the name.</p>
<p>This feature may help, for example we can start global variables with $ and the object attributes
with @.</p>
<p>In other languages like Ruby this is the rule, In the Ring language this is just an option without
any force from the Compiler.</p>
<p>example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">$</span><span class="n">global_variable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">hello</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">test</span>
<span class="o">@</span><span class="n">instance_variable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">hello</span>
<span class="n">local_variable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">15</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"Global : "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">$</span><span class="n">global_variable</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="s">"Instance : "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">@</span><span class="n">instance_variable</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<span class="s">"Local : "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">local_variable</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Global</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="n">Instance</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="n">Local</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">15</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-the-elseif-keyword-as-but-in-if-statement">
<span id="index-7"></span><h2>Using the ‘elseif’ keyword as ‘but’ in if statement<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-elseif-keyword-as-but-in-if-statement" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>if you don’t like the ‘but’ keyword in if statement
Then you can use the ‘elseif’ keyword.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">give</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"one"</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"two"</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"three"</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"four"</span>
<span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"other"</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-the-else-keyword-as-other-in-switch-statement">
<span id="index-8"></span><h2>Using the ‘else’ keyword as ‘other’ in switch statement<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-else-keyword-as-other-in-switch-statement" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>if you don’t like the ‘other’ keyword in switch statement
Then you can use the ‘else’ keyword.</p>
<p>Also you can replace ‘else’ with ‘other’ in if statement.</p>
<p>i.e. ‘other’ keyword is the same as ‘else’ keyword.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"10"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"not 10"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ow">not</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-the-end-keyword-in-different-control-structures">
<span id="index-9"></span><h2>Using the ‘end’ keyword in different control structures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-end-keyword-in-different-control-structures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can use the ‘end’ keyword to close different control structures</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>If statement</p></li>
<li><p>For loop</p></li>
<li><p>Switch</p></li>
<li><p>While</p></li>
<li><p>Try-Catch</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"if statement.."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"three"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"for loop.."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">t</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"switch..."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"try catch..."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">try</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">catch</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"catching error"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">statement</span><span class="p">..</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="k">loop</span><span class="p">..</span>
<span class="mi">12345678910</span>
<span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="k">catch</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">catching</span> <span class="n">error</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-braces-to-start-and-end-different-control-structures">
<span id="index-10"></span><h2>Using braces to start and end different control structures<a class="headerlink" href="#using-braces-to-start-and-end-different-control-structures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can use braces { } to start and end different control structures</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>If statement</p></li>
<li><p>For loop</p></li>
<li><p>Switch</p></li>
<li><p>While</p></li>
<li><p>Try-Catch</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"if statement.."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"three"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"for loop.."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">t</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"switch..."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"try catch..."</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">catch</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"catching error"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">statement</span><span class="p">..</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="k">loop</span><span class="p">..</span>
<span class="mi">12345678910</span>
<span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">one</span>
<span class="k">try</span> <span class="k">catch</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="n">catching</span> <span class="n">error</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-put-and-get-as-see-and-give">
<span id="index-11"></span><h2>Using ‘put’ and ‘get’ as ‘see’ and ‘give’<a class="headerlink" href="#using-put-and-get-as-see-and-give" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can replace the ‘see’ keyword with the ‘put’ keyword.</p>
<p>Also we can replacew the ‘give’ keyword with the ‘get’ keyword.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"Hello World"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"Enter Your Name ? "</span> <span class="k">Get</span> <span class="n">Name</span>
<span class="k">Put</span> <span class="s">"Hello "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">Name</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-case-as-on-in-switch-statements">
<span id="index-12"></span><h2>Using ‘case’ as ‘on’ in switch statements<a class="headerlink" href="#using-case-as-on-in-switch-statements" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can replace the ‘on’ keyword with ‘case’ keyword in the switch statement.</p>
<p>Example (1) :</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"thre"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"else"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Example (2) :</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"thre"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">else</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"else"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-def-as-func-in-functions-methods-definition">
<span id="index-13"></span><h2>Using ‘def’ as ‘func’ in functions/methods definition<a class="headerlink" href="#using-def-as-func-in-functions-methods-definition" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We can use the ‘def’ keyword as the ‘func’ keyword to define functions and methods.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">one</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">two</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"one"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="n">two</span> <span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"two"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-braces-in-packages-classes-functions">
<span id="index-14"></span><h2>Using braces { } in Packages/Classes/Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-braces-in-packages-classes-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"stdlib.ring"</span>
<span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">myclass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">myfunc</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">package</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">myclass</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">myfunc</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Hello, World!</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-end-keyword-after-packages-classes-functions">
<span id="index-15"></span><h2>Using ‘end’ keyword after Packages/Classes/Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-end-keyword-after-packages-classes-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">myclass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">myfunc</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">package</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">myclass</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="n">myfunc</span>
<span class="k">put</span> <span class="s">"Hello, World!"</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-endpackage-endclass-endfunc-keywords-after-packages-classes-functions">
<span id="index-16"></span><h2>Using ‘endpackage’/’endclass’/’endfunc’ keywords after Packages/Classes/Functions<a class="headerlink" href="#using-endpackage-endclass-endfunc-keywords-after-packages-classes-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">myclass</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">myfunc</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">package</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">myclass</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">myfunc</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"welcome"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">endfunc</span>
<span class="k">endclass</span>
<span class="k">endpackage</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ignore-new-lines-after-keywords">
<span id="index-17"></span><h2>Ignore new lines after keywords<a class="headerlink" href="#ignore-new-lines-after-keywords" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Starting from Ring 1.8 the compiler will ignore new lines after keywords that expect tokens after it</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">see</span>
<span class="s">"</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">World</span><span class="o">!</span>
<span class="s">"</span>
<span class="n">test</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span>
<span class="c">#======================#</span>
<span class="n">Test</span>
<span class="c">#======================#</span>
<span class="o">?</span>
<span class="s">"</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span> <span class="k">from</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">Test</span> <span class="n">function</span>
<span class="s">"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Output:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Hello, World!
Hello from the Test function
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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