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<div class="section" id="introduction-to-the-type-hints-library">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>Introduction to the Type Hints Library<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction-to-the-type-hints-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>In this chapter we will learn about the Type Hints Library</p>
<div class="section" id="why-type-hints">
<span id="index-1"></span><h2>Why Type Hints?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-type-hints" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Using this library we can add the type information to the source code which will be
very useful for tools like</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Code Editors</p></li>
<li><p>Static-Analysis</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Ring is a dynamic language, No type checking will be done by the compiler.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="example">
<span id="index-2"></span><h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The next example will use the Type Hints library</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"typehints.ring"</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">sayHello</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Mahmoud"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">int</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">int</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">int</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">string</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">sayHello</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">"Hello "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="user-types">
<span id="index-3"></span><h2>User Types<a class="headerlink" href="#user-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The Type Hints library is very powerful and will support user types (Classes) automatically</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"typehints.ring"</span>
<span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span>
<span class="n">test</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">one</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">two</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">three</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">myclass</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">test</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"Testing User Types!"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">myclass</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">package</span> <span class="n">mypackage</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">public</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">myclass</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">public</span> <span class="n">static</span> <span class="n">void</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">list</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"welcome"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="n">args</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-types-inside-code">
<span id="index-4"></span><h2>Using Types inside Code<a class="headerlink" href="#using-types-inside-code" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Also you can use the types inside the code (not only the function prototype)</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"typehints.ring"</span>
<span class="n">int</span> <span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kt">string</span> <span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sayHello</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Mahmoud"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">see</span> <span class="s">"Sum = "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">sum</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">nl</span>
<span class="n">int</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">int</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">int</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">string</span> <span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">sayHello</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">"Hello "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rules">
<span id="index-5"></span><h2>Rules<a class="headerlink" href="#rules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>To use the types in the function prototype you must use ‘(‘ and ‘)’ around parameters</p></li>
<li><p>To use the types in the function code, You must set the variable value (Assignment).</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The next types are defined by the library</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># Low Level Types</span>
<span class="n">char</span>
<span class="n">unsigned</span>
<span class="n">signed</span>
<span class="n">int</span>
<span class="n">short</span>
<span class="n">long</span>
<span class="n">float</span>
<span class="n">double</span>
<span class="n">void</span>
<span class="c"># High Level Types</span>
<span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="kt">list</span>
<span class="n">number</span>
<span class="n">object</span>
<span class="c"># Other</span>
<span class="n">public</span>
<span class="n">static</span>
<span class="n">abstract</span>
<span class="n">protected</span>
<span class="n">override</span>
</pre></div>
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