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<div class="section" id="using-ringopengl-and-ringallegro-for-3d-graphics">
<span id="index-0"></span><h1>Using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro for 3D Graphics<a class="headerlink" href="#using-ringopengl-and-ringallegro-for-3d-graphics" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>In this chapter we will learn about using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro</p>
<div class="section" id="d-cube-and-texture">
<span id="index-1"></span><h2>3D Cube and Texture<a class="headerlink" href="#d-cube-and-texture" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Source Code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># Load Libraries</span>
<span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"gamelib.ring"</span> <span class="c"># RingAllegro Library</span>
<span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"opengl21lib.ring"</span> <span class="c"># RingOpenGL Library</span>
<span class="c">#==============================================================</span>
<span class="c"># To Support MacOS X</span>
<span class="n">al_run_main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">al_game_start</span> <span class="c"># Called by al_run_main()</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># Now we call our main function</span>
<span class="c">#==============================================================</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">main</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">GraphicsApp</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">GraphicsApp</span> <span class="k">from</span> <span class="n">GraphicsAppBase</span>
<span class="n">TITLE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"Ring Cube"</span>
<span class="n">bitmap</span> <span class="n">texture</span>
<span class="n">xrot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">yrot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">zrot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">loadresources</span>
<span class="n">bitmap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_load_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"ring.bmp"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">texture</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_opengl_texture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">destroyResources</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">drawScene</span>
<span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">800</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">600</span>
<span class="n">ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">h</span>
<span class="n">glViewport</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glMatrixMode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_PROJECTION</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">gluPerspective</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ratio</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glMatrixMode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_MODELVIEW</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_TEXTURE_2D</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glShadeModel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_SMOOTH</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClearColor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClearDepth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_DEPTH_TEST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_CULL_FACE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glDepthFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_LEQUAL</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glHint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GL_NICEST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">glTranslatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">5.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glRotatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xrot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glRotatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">yrot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glRotatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">zrot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glBindTexture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_TEXTURE_2D</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">texture</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glBegin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_QUADS</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Front</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Back</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Top</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Bottom</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Right</span> <span class="n">face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Left</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnd</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">xrot</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span>
<span class="n">yrot</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span>
<span class="n">zrot</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">GraphicsAppBase</span>
<span class="n">display</span> <span class="n">event_queue</span> <span class="n">ev</span> <span class="n">timeout</span>
<span class="n">timer</span> <span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="n">FPS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">60</span>
<span class="n">SCREEN_W</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">800</span>
<span class="n">SCREEN_H</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">600</span>
<span class="n">KEY_UP</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">KEY_DOWN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">KEY_LEFT</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">KEY_RIGHT</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="n">Key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">TITLE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"Graphics Application"</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">start</span>
<span class="n">SetUp</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loadResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">eventsLoop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">destroy</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">setup</span>
<span class="n">al_init</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_init_image_addon</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_set_new_display_flags</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ALLEGRO_OPENGL</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">display</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_create_display</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SCREEN_W</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SCREEN_H</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_set_Window_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TITLE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_clear_to_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">al_map_rgb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">event_queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_create_event_queue</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_display_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ev</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_new_allegro_event</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">timeout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_new_allegro_timeout</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_init_timeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.06</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">timer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_create_timer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">FPS</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_timer_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">al_start_timer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_install_mouse</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_mouse_event_source</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">al_install_keyboard</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_keyboard_event_source</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">eventsLoop</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="n">al_init_timeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.06</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_wait_for_event_until</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE</span>
<span class="k">exit</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER</span>
<span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES</span>
<span class="n">mouse_x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">mouse_y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY</span>
<span class="n">mouse_x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">mouse_y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP</span>
<span class="k">exit</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_UP</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_UP</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_DOWN</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_LEFT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_RIGHT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_UP</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_UP</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_DOWN</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_LEFT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_RIGHT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE</span>
<span class="k">exit</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">al_is_event_queue_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="n">drawScene</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_flip_display</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="n">callgc</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">destroy</span>
<span class="n">destroyResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_timer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_allegro_event</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_allegro_timeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_event_queue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_display</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">loadresources</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">drawScene</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">destroyResources</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Screen Shot:</p>
<img alt="Ring Cube" src="_images/ringcube3d.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="many-cubes">
<span id="index-2"></span><h2>Many Cubes<a class="headerlink" href="#many-cubes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Source Code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># Load Libraries</span>
<span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"gamelib.ring"</span> <span class="c"># RingAllegro Library</span>
<span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"opengl21lib.ring"</span> <span class="c"># RingOpenGL Library</span>
<span class="c">#==============================================================</span>
<span class="c"># To Support MacOS X</span>
<span class="n">al_run_main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">al_game_start</span> <span class="c"># Called by al_run_main()</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># Now we call our main function</span>
<span class="c">#==============================================================</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">main</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">GraphicsApp</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">GraphicsApp</span> <span class="k">from</span> <span class="n">GraphicsAppBase</span>
<span class="n">TITLE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"Many Cubes"</span>
<span class="n">bitmap</span> <span class="n">bitmap2</span> <span class="n">bitmap3</span>
<span class="n">texture</span> <span class="n">texture2</span> <span class="n">texture3</span>
<span class="n">fps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">120</span>
<span class="n">xrot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">yrot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">zrot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">nPerspective</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">loadresources</span>
<span class="n">bitmap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_load_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sky1.jpg"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">texture</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_opengl_texture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bitmap2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_load_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sky2.jpg"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">texture2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_opengl_texture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bitmap3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_load_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"sky3.jpg"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">texture3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_opengl_texture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">destroyResources</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_bitmap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bitmap3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">drawScene</span>
<span class="n">prepare</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">cubes</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">rotate</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">Prepare</span>
<span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">800</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">600</span>
<span class="n">ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">h</span>
<span class="n">glViewport</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glMatrixMode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_PROJECTION</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">gluPerspective</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">nPerspective</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ratio</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">nPerspective</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glMatrixMode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_MODELVIEW</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_TEXTURE_2D</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glShadeModel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_SMOOTH</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClearColor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClearDepth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_DEPTH_TEST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_CULL_FACE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glDepthFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_LEQUAL</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glHint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GL_NICEST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">Cubes</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">3.4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,:</span><span class="n">sky3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">Rotate</span>
<span class="n">xrot</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="n">yrot</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">0.2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="n">zrot</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="n">nPerspective</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">nTexture</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">glTranslatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glRotatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xrot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glRotatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">yrot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glRotatef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">zrot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">drawcube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nTexture</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">drawcube</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cTexture</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">cTexture</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">sky1</span>
<span class="n">glBindTexture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_TEXTURE_2D</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">texture</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">sky2</span>
<span class="n">glBindTexture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_TEXTURE_2D</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">texture2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">sky3</span>
<span class="n">glBindTexture</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_TEXTURE_2D</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">texture3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="n">glBegin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_QUADS</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Front</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Back</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Top</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Bottom</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Right</span> <span class="n">face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">Left</span> <span class="n">Face</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glTexCoord2f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">glVertex3f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnd</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">GraphicsAppBase</span>
<span class="n">display</span> <span class="n">event_queue</span> <span class="n">ev</span> <span class="n">timeout</span>
<span class="n">timer</span> <span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="n">FPS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">60</span>
<span class="n">SCREEN_W</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">800</span>
<span class="n">SCREEN_H</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">600</span>
<span class="n">KEY_UP</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">KEY_DOWN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="n">KEY_LEFT</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="n">KEY_RIGHT</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="n">Key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="kp">false</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">TITLE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"Graphics Application"</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">start</span>
<span class="n">SetUp</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">loadResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">eventsLoop</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">destroy</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">setup</span>
<span class="n">al_init</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_init_image_addon</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_set_new_display_flags</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ALLEGRO_OPENGL</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">display</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_create_display</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SCREEN_W</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">SCREEN_H</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_set_Window_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">TITLE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_clear_to_color</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">al_map_rgb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">event_queue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_create_event_queue</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_display_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ev</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_new_allegro_event</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">timeout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_new_allegro_timeout</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_init_timeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.06</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">timer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_create_timer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">FPS</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_timer_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">al_start_timer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_install_mouse</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_mouse_event_source</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">al_install_keyboard</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_register_event_source</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">al_get_keyboard_event_source</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">eventsLoop</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="n">al_init_timeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.06</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_wait_for_event_until</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_DISPLAY_CLOSE</span>
<span class="k">exit</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_TIMER</span>
<span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_AXES</span>
<span class="n">mouse_x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">mouse_y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_ENTER_DISPLAY</span>
<span class="n">mouse_x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_x</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">mouse_y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_mouse_y</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP</span>
<span class="k">exit</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_DOWN</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_UP</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_UP</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_DOWN</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_LEFT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_RIGHT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_EVENT_KEY_UP</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">al_get_allegro_event_keyboard_keycode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_UP</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_UP</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_DOWN</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_DOWN</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_LEFT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_LEFT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_RIGHT</span>
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">KEY_RIGHT</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="n">ALLEGRO_KEY_ESCAPE</span>
<span class="k">exit</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">al_is_event_queue_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">redraw</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="n">drawScene</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_flip_display</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="n">callgc</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">end</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">destroy</span>
<span class="n">destroyResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_timer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timer</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_allegro_event</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_allegro_timeout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">timeout</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_event_queue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event_queue</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_destroy_display</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">display</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">al_exit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">loadresources</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">drawScene</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">destroyResources</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Screen Shot:</p>
<img alt="Many Cubes" src="_images/manycubes.png" />
</div>
<div class="section" id="tictactoe-3d-game">
<span id="index-3"></span><h2>TicTacToe 3D Game<a class="headerlink" href="#tictactoe-3d-game" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Source Code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ring notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c"># Load Libraries</span>
<span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"gamelib.ring"</span> <span class="c"># RingAllegro Library</span>
<span class="k">load</span> <span class="s">"opengl21lib.ring"</span> <span class="c"># RingOpenGL Library</span>
<span class="c">#==============================================================</span>
<span class="c"># To Support MacOS X</span>
<span class="n">al_run_main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">al_game_start</span> <span class="c"># Called by al_run_main()</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># Now we call our main function</span>
<span class="c">#==============================================================</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">main</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">TicTacToe3D</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">TicTacToe3D</span> <span class="k">from</span> <span class="n">GameLogic</span>
<span class="n">FPS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">60</span>
<span class="n">TITLE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"TicTacToe 3D"</span>
<span class="n">oBackground</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">GameBackground</span>
<span class="n">oGameSound</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">GameSound</span>
<span class="n">oGameCube</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">GameCube</span>
<span class="n">oGameOver</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">GameOver</span>
<span class="n">oGameInterface</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">GameInterface</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">loadresources</span>
<span class="n">oGameOver</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">loadresources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oGameSound</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">loadresources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oBackGround</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">loadresources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oGameCube</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">loadresources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">destroyResources</span>
<span class="n">oGameOver</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">destroyResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oGameSound</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">destroyResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oBackGround</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">destroyResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oGameCube</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">destroyResources</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">drawScene</span>
<span class="n">oBackground</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">oGameInterface</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">MouseClickEvent</span>
<span class="n">oGameInterface</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MouseClickEvent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="n">GameInterface</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">Update</span> <span class="n">oGame</span>
<span class="n">prepare</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">cubes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">oGame</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">Prepare</span>
<span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1024</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">768</span>
<span class="n">ratio</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">w</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">h</span>
<span class="n">glViewport</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glMatrixMode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_PROJECTION</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">gluPerspective</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">ratio</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glMatrixMode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_MODELVIEW</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glLoadIdentity</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_TEXTURE_2D</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glShadeModel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_SMOOTH</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClearColor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glClearDepth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_DEPTH_TEST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glEnable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_CULL_FACE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glDepthFunc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_LEQUAL</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">glHint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GL_NICEST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">Cubes</span> <span class="n">oGame</span>
<span class="n">oGame</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">oGameCube</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">oGame</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">aGameMap</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">cube</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">rotate</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">MouseClickEvent</span> <span class="n">oGame</span>
<span class="n">oGame</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">aBtn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Point2Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Mouse_X</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">Mouse_Y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">aBtn</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">aBtn</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">nRow</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="n">nCol</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">nRow</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="n">nCol</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cActivePlayer</span>
<span class="n">ChangeActivePlayer</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">CheckGameOver</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">Class</span> <span class="n">GameLogic</span> <span class="k">from</span> <span class="n">GraphicsAppBase</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">,</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">,</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">]</span>
<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">aGameButtons</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="c"># x1,y1,x2,y2</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">176</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">88</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">375</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">261</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [1,1]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">423</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">88</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">591</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">261</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [1,2]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">645</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">88</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">876</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">261</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [1,3]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">176</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">282</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">375</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">428</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [2,1]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">423</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">282</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">591</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">428</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [2,2]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">645</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">282</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">876</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">428</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [2,3]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">176</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">454</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">375</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">678</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [3,1]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">423</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">454</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">591</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">678</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c"># [3,2]</span>
<span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">645</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">454</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">876</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">678</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c"># [3,3]</span>
<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">cActivePlayer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">point2button</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span>
<span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="n">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aGameButtons</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">rect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">aGameButtons</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="n">rect</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">t</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="n">nRow</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">nCol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">exit</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">next</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">nRow</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">nCol</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">ChangeActivePlayer</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">cActivePlayer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span>
<span class="n">cActivePlayer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">o</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="n">cActivePlayer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">CheckGameOver</span>
<span class="n">aList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">aList</span>
<span class="k">switch</span> <span class="n">item</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">item</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="k">next</span>
<span class="n">nStatus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CheckWinner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aList</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">nStatus</span>
<span class="n">oGameOver</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">Switch</span> <span class="n">nStatus</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">Player1Win</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">this</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">Player2Win</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">this</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">on</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">NoOneWin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">this</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">off</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">refreshGame</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">refreshGame</span>
<span class="n">aGameMap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">,</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="p">,</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">]</span>
<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="n">cActivePlayer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">:</span><span class="n">x</span>
<span class="k">func</span> <span class="n">CheckWinner</span> <span class="n">lst</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="n">vertical</span> <span class="n">check</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="k">step</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">next</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="n">horzintal</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="o">]</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">next</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="n">Cross</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">]!=</span><span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="o">//</span><span class="n">tie</span>
<span class="n">tie</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kp">true</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">to</span> <span class="mi">9</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">lst</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="n">tie</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kp">false</span> <span class="k">exit</span> <span class="k">ok</span>
<span class="k">next</span>