Allows using Linux directly in Windows, without double booting or virtual machines.
# Filesystem
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu22.04LTS_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState\rootfs
# Terminal .exe
C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu22.04LTS_79rhkp1fndgsc
# My Computer (C:/D:)
cd /mnt/Install via PowerShell:
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart
wsl --set-default-version 2
wsl --install -d Ubuntu-24.04
wsl -l -v
wsl --set-version Ubuntu-24.04 2
lsb_release -a
Sometimes commands don't run with systemctl i.e. systemd...
systemctl start nginx
ERROR: System has not been booted with systemd as init system (PID 1). Can't operate. Failed to connect to bus: Host is down
...Because in Ubuntu on WSL, many of the common system services still have the "old" init.d scripts available to be used in place of systemctl with Systemd units.
So, for example, you can start nginx with sudo service nginx start, and it will run the /etc/init.d/nginx script with the start argument.
sudo service nginx start
# The same as doing
/etc/init.d/nginxps -ef # List all running processes.
ps -ef | grep <criteria> # Find a specific process.
kill -9 <pid> # Kill a process by id.Runtime (temporary) variables for current user, available only during a terminal session.
env # List all variables.
export VAR=test # Create variable.
echo $VAR # Access variable, method 1.
printenv VAR # Access variable, method 2.
unset VAR # Remove variable.To persist them, they need to be declared in the ~/bashrc file, instead of a terminal. You need to reload the file with source ~/bashrc.
To create global variables, for all users, you do the same in /etc/environment.
$PATH is an enviroment variable which includes a list of important directories that include program executables i.e. allows to run commands.
Each time you run a command, the shell checks all the directories for the executable.
You can also check if an execuatable is in the path.
which executable_nameDirectories that include executables are usually named bin.
# So you can run programs like this...
vim file.txt
# Instead of...
/usr/bin/vim file.txt
# Location of a command, ex. ls
which ls # /usr/bin/lsThe directories are separated by a colon :.
echo $PATH
/home/name/.nvm/versions/node/v20.13.1/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/mnt/c/Program Files/WindowsApps/CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu22.04LTS_2204.3.63.0_x64__79rhkp1fndgsc:/mnt/c/Program Files/AdoptOpenJDK/jre-11.0.7.10-hotspot/bin:/mnt/c/Program Files/AdoptOpenJDK/jre-8.0.252.09-hotspot/bin:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/AdoptOpenJDK/jre-8.0.252.09-hotspot/bin:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/system32:/mnt/c/WINDOWS:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/:/mnt/c/WINDOWS/System32/OpenSSH/:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft SQL Server/150/DTS/Binn/:/mnt/c/Program Files/dotnet/:/mnt/c/Users/Name/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps:/mnt/c/Program Files (x86)/Nmap:/mnt/c/Users/Name/AppData/Local/Programs/Microsoft VS Code/bin:/snap/bin# Add the ~/bin i.e. /home/user/bin directory to PATH
PATH=$PATH:~/bin$PATH returns to normal i.e. everything is lost when the terminal is closed. We need to persist it to keep the modifications.
Add paths to ~/.profile to make them permanent. Paths require the bin, while variables don't.
The variable is not in the environment until you export it. Otherwise it's just a shell variable.
# Method 1 ---------------------
# Edit this file.
vim ~/.profile
# Find this line.
PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH
# Change it into this.
PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/hitech/picc/9.82/bin
# It appends the new path to the existing system ones, just for this user.
# Method 2 ---------------------
# Shorthand to avoid editing manually.
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/hitech/picc/9.82/binReload with
source ~/.profile