Chapter 1 - Intro to Python/Lesson_1_Python_Syntax.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# Lesson 1: Introduction to Python & Syntax"
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    "## Python Overview 🐍\n",
    "\n",
    "Python is a high-level, versatile programming language known for its simpe syntax. It is a great way to get started programming due to its large community and wide breadth of real-world applications including data analysis, artificial intelligence, automation, and space!\n",
    "\n",
    "Learn more about Python at: [https://www.python.org/](https://www.python.org/)s"
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    "## Variables 📦\n",
    "\r",
    "A **variable** acts as container within a program, capable of storing various types of information such as numbers, text, and more. Similar to assigning values in mathematics, you first give the variable a name, like \"favorite_number,\" and then use the equal sign (\"=\") to assign it a value, such as 42. In Python, this process would be represented as follows:`"
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    "favorite_number = 30 # int"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Print Statements 💬"
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    "A **print** statement in Python is like a command that tells the computer to display or show something on the screen.\n",
    "We can use print statements to print any kind of text onto a screen including numbers, characters, and more!\n",
    "A print statement that shows \"Hello World\" looks like the following:"
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     "text": [
      "Hello World!!!\n"
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    "print(\"Hello World!!!\")"
   ]
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    "You can also print variables! We can show the value of `favorite_number` using the following:"
   ]
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      "30\n"
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    "print(favorite_number)"
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    "### Exercise 1: Your First Variable ✨\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Objective: \n",
    "- Assign a variable called `random_number` to a number of your choice\n",
    "- Print your `random_number` variable using the `print` command"
   ]
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    "## Data Types ⚙\n",
    "Data types are analogous to categories that tell the computer how to understand and work with different kinds of information.\n",
    "Data Types in Python include:\n",
    "- Integer (`int`): whole numbers without any decimal points.\n",
    "`33, 102, 22, etc`\n",
    "\n",
    "- Float (`float`): numbers with decimal points\n",
    "`3.14, 22.0, -19,4, etc`\n",
    "\n",
    "- String (`str`): text and characters\n",
    "`\"cat\", \"dog\", \"A\", etc`\n",
    "\n",
    "- Boolean (`bool`): True or False values\n",
    "`True, False`\n",
    "\n",
    "- List (`list`): ordered collection of items\n",
    "`[1, 2, 3], [\"apple\", \"orange\", \"kiwi\"], etc`\n",
    "\n",
    "- Tuple (`tuple`): lists but immutable (cannot be changed)\n",
    "`(10, 20), ('Alice', 'Bob'), (9, 'apple', 3.14), etc`\n",
    "\n",
    "- Dictionary (`dict`): collection of key-value pairs\n",
    "`{'apple': 1.99, 'banana': 0.99, 'kiwi': 1.49}`\n",
    "\n",
    "- Set (`set`): an unordered collection of unique items\n",
    "`{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}, {1, 'apple', True}, etc`\n",
    "\n",
    "You can assign all the above data types to variables. Shown below:"
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    "even = 4\n",
    "pi = 3.14\n",
    "name = \"Bob\"\n",
    "is_true = True\n",
    "names = [\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Charlie\"]\n",
    "prices = (1.45, 10.32, 23.3)\n",
    "attendance = {\"Alice\": True, \"Bob\": False, \"Charlie\": True}"
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    "### Exercise 2: Mission to Mars 🚀\n",
    "You are an astronaut tasked with creating a mission report for a spacecraft going to Mars.\n",
    "You are given a task to initialize variables for various aspects of the mission. \n",
    "\n",
    "#### Objective: \n",
    "- Assign a variable called `astronaut_name` and set it to be a `string` value with your name\n",
    "- Assign a variable called `astronaut_age` and set it to be a `int` value with your age\n",
    "- Assign a variable called `fuel` and set it to be a `float` value within `30.0 - 53.0`\n",
    "- Assign a variable called `is_engine_running` and set it to be a `boolean` value\n",
    "- Assign a variable called `astronauts` and set it to be a `list` value of containing `string` values of each of the names of the astronauts\n",
    "- Assign a variable called `astronaut_ages` and set it to be a `dict` value with the `key` being the name of the astronauts and `value` being the age of the astronauts\n",
    "- Print out all the variables "
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    "## Basic Operations ➕\n",
    "Python allows you to conduct basic mathematical operations. These include:\n",
    "- Addition (+): `3 + 4`\n",
    "- Subtraction (-): `5 - 2`\n",
    "- Multiplication (*): `3 * 8`\n",
    "- Division (/): `24 / 4`\n",
    "- Modulus aka \"Remainder\" (%): `5 % 2`"
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    "add = 3 + 4\n",
    "subtract = 5 - 2\n",
    "multiply = 3 * 8\n",
    "divide = 24 / 4\n",
    "remainder = 5 % 2"
   ]
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     "text": [
      "Addition 7\n",
      "Subtraction 3\n",
      "Multiplication 24\n",
      "Division 6.0\n",
      "Modulus 1\n"
     ]
    }
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    "print(\"Addition\", add)\n",
    "print(\"Subtraction\", subtract)\n",
    "print(\"Multiplication\", multiply)\n",
    "print(\"Division\", divide)\n",
    "print(\"Modulus\", remainder)"
   ]
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    "You can also perform operations on data types that are not numbers such as strings.\n",
    "For example:"
   ]
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     "text": [
      "John Doe\n"
     ]
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    "first_name = \"John\"\n",
    "last_name = \"Doe\"\n",
    "full_name = first_name + \" \" + last_name\n",
    "print(full_name)"
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    "### Exercise 3: Space Resource Calculations 🧮\n",
    "You are a mission planner for an upcoming spacecraft launch. You are tasked with computing the following values.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Objective: \n",
    "- Calculate and print the total distance traveled\n",
    "- Calculate and print the total fuel consumed\n",
    "- Calculate and print the total time to destination\n",
    "- Create a variable called `full_name` and print out the full name of the astronaut \n",
    "\n",
    "#### NOTE: you can calculate all the values above using the hard-coded variables below.\n",
    "#### HINT: listed below are all the equations you need for this problem\n",
    "```\n",
    "Distance = Speed x Time\n",
    "Fuel Consumption = Distance / Fuel Efficiency\n",
    "Time to Destination = Distance / Speed\n",
    "```"
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    "travel_time = 10  # hours\n",
    "speed = 5000      # kilometers per hour\n",
    "fuel_efficiency = 10  # kilometers per liter\n",
    "first_name = \"Sally\"\n",
    "last_name = \"Ride\""
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   "source": [
    "Congratulations! You have officially blasted off into starting your Python journey 🚀✨\n",
    "Next up? Data storage and manipulation!"
   ]
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