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1. What is Git.md

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What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system that tracks changes in source code during software development. It allows multiple developers to collaborate on a project efficiently while maintaining a complete history of changes.

Key Features of Git

1. Version Control

Git records changes to files, enabling you to:

  • Keep track of the history of your project.
  • Revert files or entire projects to previous versions.

2. Distributed System

Unlike centralized systems, Git:

  • Stores the complete project history on every developer's machine.
  • Enables offline access to project history and changes.

3. Branching and Merging

Git allows:

  • Creating independent branches to develop features or fix bugs.
  • Merging branches back into the main project after review.

4. Lightweight and Fast

Git operations are:

  • Local and fast due to distributed architecture.
  • Efficient even for large projects.

Why Use Git?

  • Collaboration: Enables teams to work on the same project simultaneously without overwriting each other's changes.
  • Traceability: Tracks who made changes, what was changed, and when.
  • Flexibility: Adapts to various workflows like Gitflow, feature branching, or trunk-based development.

How Git Works

  1. Repository: A Git project lives in a repository (repo), containing all project files and the history of changes.
  2. Staging Area: Changes are added to a staging area before committing them.
  3. Commits: A commit is a snapshot of the project, saved in the repository.

Example Workflow

  1. Initialize a repository:

    git init

  2. Track changes in a file:

    git add file.txt

  3. Commit changes:

    git commit -m "Add file.txt"

  4. View history:

    git log

History of Git

Git was created in 2005 by Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel. It was designed to replace proprietary version control systems and meet the following criteria:

  • High performance.
  • Strong support for distributed development.
  • Robust against corruption.

Conclusion

Git is an indispensable tool for modern software development, providing the ability to manage projects effectively and collaboratively. Mastering Git is an essential skill for any developer.

Next Steps: Why Use Git?