CODE_EXAMPLE.md

Wave Programming Language - Code Examples and Explanation

This document provides a series of code examples written in the Wave programming language. Each example demonstrates a specific feature or concept in the language, accompanied by a detailed explanation.

Input/Output

fun main() {
    print("Hello World?\n");
    println("Hello World!");
}

Explanation:

• fun main(): This defines the main function, which serves as the entry point for the program. In Wave, the main function is where the execution of the program begins, just like in C or Rust.

• print("Hello World?\n");: The print function outputs the string "Hello World?" without appending a newline character at the end. The \n ensures the output is followed by a newline.

• println("Hello World!");: The println function is used to print the string "Hello World!" to the console, followed by a newline character.

• Output:

Hello World?
Hello World!

This example demonstrates how to use print for output without a newline and println for output with a newline.

Variables and Conditionals

fun main() {
    var x: i32 = 5;
    var y: i32 = 10;
    
    if (x < y) {
        println("x is less than y");
    } else {
        println("x is greater than or equal to y");
    }
}

Explanation:

• var x: i32 = 5; and var y: i32 = 10;: These lines declare two variables, x and y, of type i32 (32-bit integer), and assign them initial values of 5 and 10, respectively.

• if (x < y) { ... } else { ... }: This is and if-else conditional statement. It checks if the value of x is less than y. If the condition is true, it prints x is less than y. Otherwise, it prints x is greater than or equal to y.

• Output:

x is less than y

This example demonstrates how to declare variables, compare them, and use conditional logic.

Loops

while Loop

fun main() {
    var i: i32 = 0;
    
    while (i < 5) {
        println(i);
        i = i + 1;
    }
}

Explanation:

• var i: i32 = 0;: This line initializes a variable i with the value 0.

• while (i < 5) { ... }: The while loop continues executing the code block as long as the condition i < 5 holds true. Inside the loop, the current value of i is printed, and i is incremented by 1.

• Output:

0
1
2
3
4

for Loop

fun main() {
    for (i in 0..4) {
        println(i);
    }
}

Explanation:

• for (i in 0..4) { ... }: The for loop iterates over the range 0..4, effectively printing the values of i from 0 to 4.

• Output:

0
1
2
3
4

This example demonstrates how the same task can be accomplished using a for loop, iterating through a specified range instead of manually managing the loop condition.

Functions

fun greet(name: str) {
    println("Hello, {} !", name);
}

fun main() {
    greet("Wave");
}

Explanation:

• fun greet(name: str): This defines a function called greet that takes a single parameter name of type str (String).

• "println("Hello, {} !"), name": inside the function, we use a formatted string to print a greeting message that includes the value of name.

• greet("Wave"): In the main function, we call the greet function with the argument "Wave", which outputs the greeting message.

• Output:

Hello, Wave !

This example demonstrate how to define and call a function with parameters in Wave, along with string formatting.

Error Handling

fun divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
    if (b == 0) {
        println("Error: Divison by zero");
        return -1;
    }
    return a / b;
}

fun main() {
    var result: i32 = divide(10, 2);
    
    if result != -1 {
        println("Result: {}", result);
    }
}

Explanation

• fun divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32: This defines a function called divide that takes two integers as parameters and returns an integer result.

• if (b == 0) { ... }: Inside the function, we check if b is zero. If it is, we print an error message and return -1 to indicate an error. Otherwise, the function performs the division and returns the result.

• var result: i32 = divide(10, 2): In the main function, we call divide with the arguments 10 and 2, storing the result in the variable result.

• if result != -1 { ... }: We then check if the result is not equal to -1 (indicating an error) and, if valid, print the result.

• Output:

Result: 5

This example demonstrates how to handle errors, such as division by zero, and return an error value.

Arrays

fun main() {
    var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    
    for (num in arr) {
        println(num);
    }
}

Explanation:

• var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];: This creates an array named arr containing the integers from 1 to 5.

• for (num in arr) { ... }: The for loop iterates over each element in the array arr. In each iteration, the current element is stored in the variable num.

• println(num);: Inside the loop, the current value of num is printed.

• Output:

1
2
3
4
5

This example demonstrates how to declare an array and iterate through its elements using a for loop.