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<li><a href="santomobono.html">Sant'Omobono</a></li>
<li><a href="regia.html">Regia</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Songo Mnara</a></li>
<li><a href="http://globalmiddleages.org/project/early-global-connections-east-africa-between-asia-and-mediterranean-europe">G-MAP Portal</a></li>
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<h1>Welcome to Songo Mnara</h1>
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<h3>
Welcome to Songo Mnara, a late fourteenth to early sixteenth century AD Swahili stonetown site, located in the Kilwa archipelago of southern Tanzania. Featured here are two elite houses which share a wall (termed House 17 and House 18). Unfortunately, many of the coral structures’ ceilings have collapsed,but the ruins that remain standing provide a wealth of information about the former inhabitants. Songo Mnara is now a UNESCO World Heritage site.
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<h1>Bibliography</h1>
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<h3 align="left">
Allen, J.D.V., 1979. The Swahili house: cultural and ritual concepts underlying its plan and structure. In: Allen, J.D.V. and Wilson, T.H. eds. <i>Swahili Houses and Tombs of the Coast of Kenya.</i> London: Art and Archaeology Research Papers, 1-32.
<br><br>
Connah, G. 2001. “The Edge of the Centre: Cities of the East African Coast and Islands, pp. 181-222. In African Civilizations: An Archaeological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
<br><br>
Donley, L.W., 1982. House Power: Swahili Space and Symbolic Markers. In: Hodder, I. ed. <i>Symbolic and Structural Archaeology</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 63-73.
<br><br>
Donley-Reid, L. 1987. Life in the Swahili Town House Reveals the Symbolic Meaning of Spaces and Artefact Assemblages, <i>African Archaeological Review </i>5: 181-92.
<br><br>
Donley-Reid, L. W., 1990. A Structuring Structure: The Swahili House. In: Kent, S. ed. Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 114-126.
<br><br>
Fleisher, J. 2010. Swahili Synoecism: Rural Settlements and Town Formation on the Central East African Coast, AD 750-1500. <i>Journal of Field Archaeology </i>35(3): 265-282.
<br><br>
Fleisher, J. 2013. “Performance, monumentality and the ‘built exterior’ on the eastern African Swahili coast.” <i>Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa,</i> 48:2, 263-281
<br><br>
Fleisher J. and A. LaViolette 2007. The Changing Power of Swahili Houses, Fourteenth to Nineteenth Centuries A.D., in R.A. Beck (ed.) <i>The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology</i>, pp.175-197. Occasional Paper 35. Carbondale: Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University.
<br><br>
Garlake, P. 1966. <i>The Early Islamic Architecture of the East African Coast.</i> Nairobi; London: Oxford University Press.
<br><br>
Garlake, P. 2002. <i>Early Art and Architecture of Africa.</i>Oxford: Oxford University Press.
<br><br>
Ghaidan, U. I. 1974. Lamu: a case study of the Swahili town. Town Planning Review, XLV, 1.
<br><br>
Horton, M. C. 1991. Primitive Islam and Architecture in East Africa. <i>Muqarnas </i>(8):103-116.
<br><br>
Horton, M. C. 1987. The Swahili Corridor. <i>Scientific American</i> 257 (3):86-93.
<br><br>
Horton, M.C. 1996. Shanga: the archaeology of a Muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa. London: The British institute in Eastern Africa.
<br><br>
Kusimba, C.M. 2008. Early African Cities: Their Role in the Shaping of Urban and Rural Interaction Spheres, in J. Marcus and G. Feinman (eds.) <i>The Ancient City: New Perspectives on Urbanism in the Old and the New World</i>
<br><br>
LaViolette, A. 2008. Swahili Cosmopolitanism in Africa and the Indian Ocean World, A.D. 600-1500, <i> Archaeologies: Journal of the World Archaeological Congress</i> 1: 24-49.
<br><br>
LaViolette, A. and J. Fleisher 2009. The Urban History of a Rural Place: Swahili Archaeology on Pemba Island, Tanzania, 700–1500 AD, <i>International Journal of African Historical Studies</i> 42(3): 433 – 455.
<br><br>
Horton, M.C. 1994. Swahili Architecture, Space and Social Structure, in M. Parker-Pearson and C. Richards (eds.) <i>Architecture and Order: Approaches to Social Space,</i> pp. 132-152. London: Routledge.
<br><br>
LaViolette, A. and J. Fleisher 2005. The Archaeology of Sub-Saharan Urbanism: Cities and Their Countrysides, in A. Stahl (ed.) <i>African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction, </i>pp.327-352. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
<br><br>
Siravo, F. and A. Pulver. 1986. <i>Planning Lamu: Conservation of an East African Seaport.</i> Nairobi: The National Museums of Kenya.
<br><br>
Wynne-Jones, S. 2007. Creating elite identities through material culture, Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania, AD800 - 1300, <i>Antiquity</i> 81: 368-380.
<br><br>
Wynne-Jones, S. 2007. It's what you do with it that counts: performed identities in the East African coastal landscape, Journal of Social Archaeology</i> 7(3): 325-345.
<br><br>
Wynne-Jones, S. 2010. Lines of Desire: Power and Materiality Along a Tanzanian Caravan Route. <i>Journal of World Prehistory</i> 23(4):219-237.
<br><br>
Wynne-Jones, S. 2010. Remembering and Reworking the Swahili Diwanate: the Role of Objects and Places at Vumba Kuu, <i>International Journal of African Historical Studies </i>43(3): 407-427.
<br><br>
Wynne-Jones, S. 2013. “The public life of the Swahili stonehouse, 14th-15th centuries AD.” <i>Journal of Anthropological Archaeology</i>; 1-15.
<br><br>
Wynne-Jones, Stephanie and J. Fleisher 2012. Coins in Context: Local Economy, Value and Practice on the East African Swahili Coast. <i>Cambridge Archaeological Journal </i>22(1):19-36.
</h3>
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