Add Bind in addition to Map to support Railway Oriented Programming

[christophercalm]

I have found the map method to be extremely useful when chaining result types. In addition to the Map method, I have added Bind method with async overloads that allow me to combine operations that may fail or be invalid. Here is an example of a flow that is enabled by these extensions.

Result addOrUpdateResult = await GetProfile(request.Id, ct)
    .BindAsync(profile => AddOrUpdateExperience(profile, request))
    .BindAsync(updatedProfile => SendIntegrationEvent(updatedProfile, request, ct))
    .BindAsync(_ => PersistChanges(request))
    .ToAsyncResult();

return addOrUpdateResult;

This adds support for railway oriented programming Railway Oriented Programming that makes for very clean and terse mediatr handlers that create an easy to read data pipeline. I have used this in conjuction with your modular monolith course and found a lot of value in it.

Currently my version only supports the states that I use (Invalid, Error, and Success), but it would be trivial to add the rest. Would you be interested in a PR adding this to the library?

[KyleMcMaster]

With the introduction of Map in #97, this library does have some support for functional programming practices and as a fan of Railway Oriented Programming I would be in favor of adding a BindAsync method too. I have had a good experience using similar approaches from CSharpFunctionalExtensions.

Edit: I also believe we should support all statuses to be comprehensive in our approach.