diff --git a/node-src/index.test.ts b/node-src/index.test.ts
index ba770b9e0..ece046695 100644
--- a/node-src/index.test.ts
+++ b/node-src/index.test.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,10 @@ vi.mock('node-fetch', () => ({
 
       // Authenticate
       if (query?.match('CreateAppTokenMutation')) {
-        return { data: { createAppToken: 'token' } };
+        return { data: { appToken: 'token' } };
+      }
+      if (query?.match('CreateCLITokenMutation')) {
+        return { data: { cliToken: 'token' } };
       }
 
       if (query?.match('AnnounceBuildMutation')) {
@@ -401,6 +404,14 @@ it('runs in simple situations', async () => {
   });
 });
 
+it('supports projectId + userToken', async () => {
+  const ctx = getContext([]);
+  ctx.env.CHROMATIC_PROJECT_TOKEN = '';
+  ctx.extraOptions = { projectId: 'project-id', userToken: 'user-token' };
+  await runAll(ctx);
+  expect(ctx.exitCode).toBe(1);
+});
+
 it('returns 0 with exit-zero-on-changes', async () => {
   const ctx = getContext(['--project-token=asdf1234', '--exit-zero-on-changes']);
   await runAll(ctx);
diff --git a/node-src/io/GraphQLClient.ts b/node-src/io/GraphQLClient.ts
index acf9230f5..c66c5c768 100644
--- a/node-src/io/GraphQLClient.ts
+++ b/node-src/io/GraphQLClient.ts
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ export default class GraphQLClient {
   async runQuery<T>(
     query: string,
     variables: Record<string, any>,
-    { headers = {}, retries = 2 } = {}
+    { endpoint = this.endpoint, headers = {}, retries = 2 } = {}
   ): Promise<T> {
     return retry(
       async (bail) => {
         const { data, errors } = await this.client
           .fetch(
-            this.endpoint,
+            endpoint,
             {
               body: JSON.stringify({ query, variables }),
               headers: { ...this.headers, ...headers },
diff --git a/node-src/lib/getOptions.ts b/node-src/lib/getOptions.ts
index 2e25e3230..fff9cdc88 100644
--- a/node-src/lib/getOptions.ts
+++ b/node-src/lib/getOptions.ts
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ export default function getOptions({
     log.setInteractive(false);
   }
 
-  if (!options.projectToken) {
+  if (!options.projectToken && !(options.projectId && options.userToken)) {
     throw new Error(missingProjectToken());
   }
 
diff --git a/node-src/tasks/auth.test.ts b/node-src/tasks/auth.test.ts
index 2efef9757..47c1febf8 100644
--- a/node-src/tasks/auth.test.ts
+++ b/node-src/tasks/auth.test.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,21 @@ import { setAuthorizationToken } from './auth';
 describe('setAuthorizationToken', () => {
   it('updates the GraphQL client with an app token from the index', async () => {
     const client = { runQuery: vi.fn(), setAuthorization: vi.fn() };
-    client.runQuery.mockReturnValue({ createAppToken: 'token' });
+    client.runQuery.mockReturnValue({ appToken: 'app-token' });
 
     await setAuthorizationToken({ client, options: { projectToken: 'test' } } as any);
-    expect(client.setAuthorization).toHaveBeenCalledWith('token');
+    expect(client.setAuthorization).toHaveBeenCalledWith('app-token');
+  });
+
+  it('supports projectId + userToken', async () => {
+    const client = { runQuery: vi.fn(), setAuthorization: vi.fn() };
+    client.runQuery.mockReturnValue({ cliToken: 'cli-token' });
+
+    await setAuthorizationToken({
+      client,
+      env: { CHROMATIC_INDEX_URL: 'https://index.chromatic.com' },
+      options: { projectId: 'Project:abc123', userToken: 'user-token' },
+    } as any);
+    expect(client.setAuthorization).toHaveBeenCalledWith('cli-token');
   });
 });
diff --git a/node-src/tasks/auth.ts b/node-src/tasks/auth.ts
index cd4481f8d..3fcd1952f 100644
--- a/node-src/tasks/auth.ts
+++ b/node-src/tasks/auth.ts
@@ -1,31 +1,59 @@
 import { createTask, transitionTo } from '../lib/tasks';
 import { Context } from '../types';
+import invalidProjectId from '../ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectId';
 import invalidProjectToken from '../ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectToken';
 import { authenticated, authenticating, initial } from '../ui/tasks/auth';
 
+const CreateCLITokenMutation = `
+  mutation CreateCLITokenMutation($projectId: String!) {
+    cliToken: createCLIToken(projectId: $projectId)
+  }
+`;
+
+// Legacy mutation
 const CreateAppTokenMutation = `
   mutation CreateAppTokenMutation($projectToken: String!) {
-    createAppToken(code: $projectToken)
+    appToken: createAppToken(code: $projectToken)
   }
 `;
 
-interface CreateAppTokenMutationResult {
-  createAppToken: string;
-}
+const getToken = async (ctx: Context) => {
+  const { projectId, projectToken, userToken } = ctx.options;
 
-export const setAuthorizationToken = async (ctx: Context) => {
-  const { client, options } = ctx;
-  const variables = { projectToken: options.projectToken };
+  if (projectId && userToken) {
+    const { cliToken } = await ctx.client.runQuery<{ cliToken: string }>(
+      CreateCLITokenMutation,
+      { projectId },
+      {
+        endpoint: `${ctx.env.CHROMATIC_INDEX_URL}/api`,
+        headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` },
+      }
+    );
+    return cliToken;
+  }
 
+  if (projectToken) {
+    const { appToken } = await ctx.client.runQuery<{ appToken: string }>(CreateAppTokenMutation, {
+      projectToken,
+    });
+    return appToken;
+  }
+
+  // Should never happen since we check for this in getOptions
+  throw new Error('No projectId or projectToken');
+};
+
+export const setAuthorizationToken = async (ctx: Context) => {
   try {
-    const { createAppToken: appToken } = await client.runQuery<CreateAppTokenMutationResult>(
-      CreateAppTokenMutation,
-      variables
-    );
-    client.setAuthorization(appToken);
+    const token = await getToken(ctx);
+    ctx.client.setAuthorization(token);
   } catch (errors) {
-    if (errors[0] && errors[0].message && errors[0].message.match('No app with code')) {
-      throw new Error(invalidProjectToken(variables));
+    const message = errors[0]?.message;
+    if (message?.match('Must login') || message?.match('No Access')) {
+      throw new Error(invalidProjectId({ projectId: ctx.options.projectId }));
+    }
+    if (message?.match('No app with code')) {
+      throw new Error(invalidProjectToken({ projectToken: ctx.options.projectToken }));
     }
     throw errors;
   }
diff --git a/node-src/types.ts b/node-src/types.ts
index 6f6873602..6a31f0eaa 100644
--- a/node-src/types.ts
+++ b/node-src/types.ts
@@ -52,8 +52,9 @@ export interface Flags {
   preserveMissing?: boolean;
 }
 
-export interface Options {
+export interface Options extends Configuration {
   projectToken: string;
+  userToken?: string;
 
   configFile?: Flags['configFile'];
   onlyChanged: boolean | string;
diff --git a/node-src/ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectId.stories.ts b/node-src/ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectId.stories.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ef7b595d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node-src/ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectId.stories.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import invalidProjectId from './invalidProjectId';
+
+export default {
+  title: 'CLI/Messages/Errors',
+};
+
+export const InvalidProjectId = () => invalidProjectId({ projectId: '5d67dc0374b2e300209c41e8' });
diff --git a/node-src/ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectId.ts b/node-src/ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectId.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c05952566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/node-src/ui/messages/errors/invalidProjectId.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import chalk from 'chalk';
+import { dedent } from 'ts-dedent';
+
+import { error, info } from '../../components/icons';
+import link from '../../components/link';
+
+export default ({ projectId }: { projectId: string }) =>
+  dedent(chalk`
+    ${error} Invalid project ID: ${projectId}
+    You may not sufficient permissions to create builds on this project, or it may not exist.
+    ${info} Read more at ${link('https://www.chromatic.com/docs/setup')}
+  `);
diff --git a/node-src/ui/tasks/auth.ts b/node-src/ui/tasks/auth.ts
index 94e31c5f5..721cf585a 100644
--- a/node-src/ui/tasks/auth.ts
+++ b/node-src/ui/tasks/auth.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ export const authenticating = (ctx: Context) => ({
 export const authenticated = (ctx: Context) => ({
   status: 'success',
   title: `Authenticated with Chromatic${env(ctx.env.CHROMATIC_INDEX_URL)}`,
-  output: `Using project token '${mask(ctx.options.projectToken)}'`,
+  output: ctx.options.projectToken
+    ? `Using project token '${mask(ctx.options.projectToken)}'`
+    : `Using project ID '${ctx.options.projectId}' and user token`,
 });
 
 export const invalidToken = (ctx: Context) => ({