TY - JOUR AU - Bethers, Suzanne AU - Day, Michael E AU - Bruce Wiersma, G AU - Fernandez, Ivan J AU - Alexander Elvir, J DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.024 L1 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.024 IS - 5 PY - 2009 SP - 895-902 ST - Effects of chronically elevated nitrogen and sulfur deposition on sugar maple saplings: Nutrition, growth and physiology T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Effects of chronically elevated nitrogen and sulfur deposition on sugar maple saplings: Nutrition, growth and physiology UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.03.024 VL - 258 ID - 1408 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is causing rapid changes to forest disturbance regimes worldwide. While the consequences of climate change for existing disturbance processes, like fires, are relatively well studied, emerging drivers of disturbance such as snow loss and subsequent mortality are much less documented. As the climate warms, a transition from winter snow to rain in high latitudes will cause significant changes in environmental conditions such as soil temperatures, historically buffered by snow cover. The Pacific coast of North America is an excellent test case, as mean winter temperatures are currently at the snow-rain threshold and have been warming for approximately 100 years post-Little Ice Age. Increased mortality in a widespread tree species in the region has been linked to warmer winters and snow loss. Here, we present the first high-resolution range map of this climate-sensitive species, Callitropsis nootkatensis (yellow-cedar), and document the magnitude and location of observed mortality across Canada and the United States. Snow cover loss related mortality spans approximately 10 degrees latitude (half the native range of the species) and 7% of the overall species range and appears linked to this snow-rain transition across its range. Mortality is commonly >70% of basal area in affected areas, and more common where mean winter temperatures is at or above the snow-rain threshold (>0 degrees C mean winter temperature). Approximately 50% of areas with a currently suitable climate for the species (<-2 degrees C) are expected to warm beyond that threshold by the late 21st century. Regardless of climate change scenario, little of the range which is expected to remain suitable in the future (e.g., a climatic refugia) is in currently protected landscapes (<1-9%). These results are the first documentation of this type of emerging climate disturbance and highlight the difficulties of anticipating novel disturbance processes when planning for conservation and management. AN - WOS:000402514900029 AU - Buma, B. AU - Hennon, P. E. AU - Harrington, C. A. AU - Popkin, J. R. AU - Krapek, J. AU - Lamb, M. S. AU - Oakes, L. E. AU - Saunders, S. AU - Zeglen, S. DA - Jul DO - 10.1111/gcb.13555 L1 - http://www.brianbuma.com/s/Buma-et-al-2016.pdf IS - 7 M3 - Article PY - 2017 RN - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13555 SN - 1354-1013 SP - 2903-2914 ST - Emerging climate-driven disturbance processes: widespread mortality associated with snow-to-rain transitions across 10 degrees of latitude and half the range of a climate-threatened conifer T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Emerging climate-driven disturbance processes: widespread mortality associated with snow-to-rain transitions across 10 degrees of latitude and half the range of a climate-threatened conifer UR - http://www.brianbuma.com/s/Buma-et-al-2016.pdf VL - 23 ID - 2318 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Air pollution can have direct effects on trees. It can cause visible injury to foliage and a disruption of physiological processes, such as photosynthesis and carbon allocation, leading to losses in growth and productivity. This review suggests that of equal or greater importance is the potential of air pollutants to indirectly affect tree growth and vitality by predisposing them to injury from other abiotic and biotic stresses. Predisposition by air pollutants can be the result of a disruption in biochemical processes, such as enzyme activity or production, or physiological factors (e.g. stomatal closure, carbon allocation). Air pollutants such as SO(2), O(3) and acidic mists have been implicated as predisposing agents to two of the most important of these stresses: low temperature and soil moisture. Probable mechanisms, as well as implications of predicted changes in global climate will be discussed. AD - School of Forestry, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. AN - 15091613 AU - Chappelka, A. H. AU - Freer-Smith, P. H. DO - 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)80013-X DP - NLM ET - 1995/01/01 L1 - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)80013-X LA - eng IS - 1 PY - 1995 SN - 0269-7491 (Print) SP - 105-17 ST - Predisposition of trees by air pollutants to low temperatures and moisture stress T2 - Environ Pollut TI - Predisposition of trees by air pollutants to low temperatures and moisture stress UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)80013-X VL - 87 ID - 2301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feucht, James R L1 - https://pace.oregonstate.edu/courses/sites/default/files/resources/pdf/p0215-0219.pdf IS - 9 PY - 1988 SP - 215-219 ST - Herbicide injuries to trees-symptoms and solutions T2 - Journal of Arboriculture TI - Herbicide injuries to trees-symptoms and solutions UR - https://pace.oregonstate.edu/courses/sites/default/files/resources/pdf/p0215-0219.pdf VL - 14 ID - 2270 ER - TY - EDBOOK AB - The purpose of this manual is to assist members of the National Vegetation Survey in recognizing air pollutant-induced injury and in identifying disease and insect damage that may be confused with air pollutant-induced injury to forest vegetation in the eastern United States. Ozone, sulfur dioxide, and, to a limited geographic extent, hydrogen fluoride, are all pollutants of concern in relation to forest vegetation; detailed descriptions of the injuries caused by these pollutants are presented herein. A second section of this manual has been prepared to assist the Survey in recognizing other major diseases, insects, and abiotic stresses that may be found at the survey plots. These disorders were chosen because their symptoms may be similar to those caused by air pollutants. Basic information and the most typical symptoms for each of these causes of stress are also presented photographically. It is important that both sections of this manual be consulted thoroughly to relate field symptoms accurately to the most likely cause of the observed symptoms. In all cases, the presence of biotic pathogens, insects, and other indicators of plant stress should be investigated and recorded. AU - Skelly, John M AU - Davis, Donald D AU - Merrill, William AU - Cameron, E. Alan AU - Brown, H Daniel AU - Drummond, David B AU - Dochinger, Leon S CY - Washington, DC KW - pollution, pollutant, ozone, air PB - The Pennsylvania State University, for the USDA Forest Service PY - 1987 SP - 122 ST - Diagnosing Injury to Eastern Forest Trees TI - Diagnosing Injury to Eastern Forest Trees UR - https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46101 ID - 2308 ER -