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1.Hystrix 熔断器

分布式系统中服务与服务之间依赖错综复杂,当某个服务出现故障时,会导致调用其服务的其他服务出现远程调度的线程阻塞。 这也意味着你要把处理错误的代码当成正常功能的代码来处理

Hystrix 是Netflix公司是通过隔离服务的访问点阻止联动故障的,并提供了故障解决方案,从而提高了整个分布式系统的弹性。

Hystrix

  1. 提供快速失败机制
  2. 提供回退 fallback 方案
  3. 使用熔断机制,防止故障扩散到其他服务
  4. 监控组件 Hystrix Dashboard ,可以使用Turbine聚合监控

SpringCloud Feign中Hystrix的使用 在 consul-client上 pom.xml 中添加

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true # 开启Feign熔断

修改Feign RemoteService接口,添加fallback 快速失败回调类

@FeignClient(value = "consul-server",fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class)

@Component
public class HystrixClientFallback implements RemoteService{

    @Override
    public String api(String api) {
        return "Hystrix fallback ...";
    }
}

启动 consul-server,consul-client ,访问:http://localhost:8053/api/

停掉 consul-server 在访问 得到 Hystrix fallback ...

2.使用tuibine 聚合监控

Hystrix Dashboard 监控服务的熔断器情况时,最多只有一个Hystrix Dashboard 主页,服务数量很多时,很不方便。

tuibine 可以监控多个Hystrix Dashboard主页,集中进行监控

我们使用的是consul作为注册中心,而tuibine默认是使用eureka作为注册中心,不把eureka排除的话会报 Field registration in o.s.c.c.s.ServiceRegistryAutoConfiguration$ServiceRegistryEndpointConfiguration required a single bean, but 2 were found: 类似于这个spring-cloud/spring-cloud-netflix#1973

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-turbine</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

Application.java 启动类 添加注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@EnableTurbine
@EnableHystrix
public class HystrixDashboardTurbineApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboardTurbineApplication.class, args);
	}
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8504
spring:
  cloud:
    consul:
      discovery:
        health-check-path: /actuator/health
        health-check-interval: 10s
        instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${vcap.application.instance_id:${spring.application.instance_id:${random.value}}}
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}
      host: localhost
      port: 8500

  application:
    name: hystrix-turbine
#  boot:
#    admin:
#      client:
#        url: http://localhost:8700

# spring admin
#management:
#  endpoints:
#    web:
#      exposure:
#        include: "*"
#  endpoint:
#      health:
#        show-details: ALWAYS

turbine:
  aggregator:
    cluster-config: default     #需要监控的服务集群名
  app-config: consul-client    #需要监控的服务名
  cluster-name-expression: new String('default')
#  instanceUrlSuffix:
#      default: actuator/hystrix.stream    #key是clusterConfig集群的名字,value是hystrix监控的后缀,springboot2.0为actuator/hystrix.stream

启动后访问:

http://localhost:8504/hystrix 可以看到 hystrix

填写 http://localhost:8504/turbine.stream ,monitor,开始进去可能没有数据

http://localhost:8504/hystrix/monitor?stream=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8504%2Fturbine.stream%20

只启动两个 client 端

java -jar target/consul-client-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8503

java -jar target/consul-client-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8505

访问http://localhost:8505/api/ 或者 http://localhost:8503/api/ 都行,多访问几次

就会得到,其中右下角4代表失败次数,Hosts=2代表集群有2个应用 turbine