diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index d7edfeda884..82eb85ba4df 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ repos:
     - id: check-yaml
 
 -   repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 23.12.1
+    rev: 24.1.1
     hooks:
     - id: black-jupyter
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ repos:
         additional_dependencies: [black==23.9.1]
 
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.1.9
+  rev: v0.2.0
   hooks:
   - id: ruff
     args: [--fix]
diff --git a/doc/source/cookbook/tests/test_cookbook.py b/doc/source/cookbook/tests/test_cookbook.py
index 6a855fc6100..d27f49a5982 100644
--- a/doc/source/cookbook/tests/test_cookbook.py
+++ b/doc/source/cookbook/tests/test_cookbook.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
       $ sed -e '/where/d' -i nose.cfg setup.cfg
       $ nosetests doc/source/cookbook/tests/test_cookbook.py -P -v
 """
+
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
diff --git a/tests/nose_runner.py b/tests/nose_runner.py
index 630a28e936a..d30d7d3090a 100644
--- a/tests/nose_runner.py
+++ b/tests/nose_runner.py
@@ -99,9 +99,11 @@ def generate_tasks_input():
     exclude_answers = [f"--exclude-test={ex}" for ex in exclude_answers]
 
     args = [
-        (item + [f"--xunit-file={item[0]}.xml"], exclusive)
-        if item[0] != "unittests"
-        else (item + ["--xunit-file=unittests.xml"] + exclude_answers, exclusive)
+        (
+            (item + [f"--xunit-file={item[0]}.xml"], exclusive)
+            if item[0] != "unittests"
+            else (item + ["--xunit-file=unittests.xml"] + exclude_answers, exclusive)
+        )
         for item, exclusive in args
     ]
     return args
diff --git a/tests/pytest_runner.py b/tests/pytest_runner.py
index bf9b0f1b7ac..a1659b9ca68 100644
--- a/tests/pytest_runner.py
+++ b/tests/pytest_runner.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 for executing answer tests and optionally generating new answers.
 """
 
-
 import glob
 import os
 
diff --git a/tests/report_failed_answers.py b/tests/report_failed_answers.py
index 92ee11c6095..bd885d05c42 100644
--- a/tests/report_failed_answers.py
+++ b/tests/report_failed_answers.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 """
 
-
 import argparse
 import base64
 import collections
diff --git a/yt/__init__.py b/yt/__init__.py
index 3152128cddb..44adcc6b7b5 100644
--- a/yt/__init__.py
+++ b/yt/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 * Contribute: https://github.com/yt-project/yt
 
 """
+
 from ._version import __version__, version_info  # isort: skip
 import yt.units as units
 import yt.utilities.physical_constants as physical_constants
diff --git a/yt/data_objects/construction_data_containers.py b/yt/data_objects/construction_data_containers.py
index 677d72a9201..fc782efad51 100644
--- a/yt/data_objects/construction_data_containers.py
+++ b/yt/data_objects/construction_data_containers.py
@@ -1653,6 +1653,7 @@ class YTSurface(YTSelectionContainer3D):
     ... ]
     >>> surf.export_ply("my_galaxy.ply", bounds=bounds)
     """
+
     _type_name = "surface"
     _con_args = ("data_source", "surface_field", "field_value")
     _container_fields = (
diff --git a/yt/data_objects/static_output.py b/yt/data_objects/static_output.py
index a362859cccf..98d71f4c51b 100644
--- a/yt/data_objects/static_output.py
+++ b/yt/data_objects/static_output.py
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@
 # to here, and then have it instantiate EnzoDatasets as appropriate.
 
 
-_cached_datasets: MutableMapping[
-    Union[int, str], "Dataset"
-] = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+_cached_datasets: MutableMapping[Union[int, str], "Dataset"] = (
+    weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+)
 
 # we set this global to None as a place holder
 # its actual instantiation is delayed until after yt.__init__
diff --git a/yt/data_objects/time_series.py b/yt/data_objects/time_series.py
index 7755bcaca45..444519967dd 100644
--- a/yt/data_objects/time_series.py
+++ b/yt/data_objects/time_series.py
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ class DatasetSeries:
     ...     SlicePlot(ds, "x", ("gas", "density")).save()
 
     """
+
     # this annotation should really be Optional[Type[Dataset]]
     # but we cannot import the yt.data_objects.static_output.Dataset
     # class here without creating a circular import for now
diff --git a/yt/data_objects/unions.py b/yt/data_objects/unions.py
index 30da0a58683..4559a113d3b 100644
--- a/yt/data_objects/unions.py
+++ b/yt/data_objects/unions.py
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 class Union(ABC):
     @property
     @abstractmethod
-    def _union_type(self) -> str:
-        ...
+    def _union_type(self) -> str: ...
 
     def __init__(self, name, sub_types):
         self.name = name
diff --git a/yt/exthook.py b/yt/exthook.py
index 4fdf6df1f12..1aacf0bcbee 100644
--- a/yt/exthook.py
+++ b/yt/exthook.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     :copyright: (c) 2015 by Armin Ronacher.
     :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
 """
+
 # This source code was originally in flask/exthook.py
 import os
 import sys
diff --git a/yt/fields/magnetic_field.py b/yt/fields/magnetic_field.py
index 1c4b04526f9..d9e7cb5792b 100644
--- a/yt/fields/magnetic_field.py
+++ b/yt/fields/magnetic_field.py
@@ -244,9 +244,7 @@ def _mach_alfven(field, data):
         rm_scale = pc.qp.to("C", "SI") ** 3 / (4.0 * np.pi * pc.eps_0)
     else:
         rm_scale = pc.qp**3 / pc.clight
-    rm_scale *= registry.ds.quan(1.0, "rad") / (
-        2.0 * np.pi * pc.me**2 * pc.clight**3
-    )
+    rm_scale *= registry.ds.quan(1.0, "rad") / (2.0 * np.pi * pc.me**2 * pc.clight**3)
     rm_units = registry.ds.quan(1.0, "rad/m**2").units / unit_system["length"]
 
     def _rotation_measure(field, data):
diff --git a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/data_structures.py b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/data_structures.py
index def628de0b3..6cb8e5e1b0c 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/data_structures.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/data_structures.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 """
 
-
 import os
 import re
 from itertools import product
diff --git a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/definitions.py b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/definitions.py
index 89a5c656849..a1178ba05c1 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/definitions.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/definitions.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 from typing import Union
 
 from yt.funcs import mylog
diff --git a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/fields.py b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/fields.py
index fe5edd7ef62..49eabcec690 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/fields.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/fields.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 from yt._typing import KnownFieldsT
 from yt.fields.field_info_container import FieldInfoContainer
 
diff --git a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/io.py b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/io.py
index d4521771b53..96e58da8566 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/adaptahop/io.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/adaptahop/io.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 """
 
-
 from functools import partial
 from operator import attrgetter
 from typing import Union
diff --git a/yt/frontends/amrvac/data_structures.py b/yt/frontends/amrvac/data_structures.py
index 4fe101cfca0..227555b62f9 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/amrvac/data_structures.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/amrvac/data_structures.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 import os
 import struct
 import warnings
diff --git a/yt/frontends/amrvac/fields.py b/yt/frontends/amrvac/fields.py
index 0aa8d6027e4..3c82bd47ad4 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/amrvac/fields.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/amrvac/fields.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 """
 
-
 import functools
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/yt/frontends/amrvac/io.py b/yt/frontends/amrvac/io.py
index 5fbc4d0c866..1be3111a341 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/amrvac/io.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/amrvac/io.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 import os
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/yt/frontends/artio/data_structures.py b/yt/frontends/artio/data_structures.py
index c220c5f82be..d1460fc88b8 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/artio/data_structures.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/artio/data_structures.py
@@ -483,9 +483,7 @@ def _parse_parameter_file(self):
             ]
 
             self.parameters["unit_m"] = self.artio_parameters["mass_unit"][0]
-            self.parameters["unit_t"] = (
-                self.artio_parameters["time_unit"][0] * abox**2
-            )
+            self.parameters["unit_t"] = self.artio_parameters["time_unit"][0] * abox**2
             self.parameters["unit_l"] = self.artio_parameters["length_unit"][0] * abox
 
             if self.artio_parameters["DeltaDC"][0] != 0:
diff --git a/yt/frontends/athena/data_structures.py b/yt/frontends/athena/data_structures.py
index b19a5a7e090..18e2de43cb4 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/athena/data_structures.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/athena/data_structures.py
@@ -615,10 +615,10 @@ def _parse_parameter_file(self):
         self.omega_matter = 0.0
         self.hubble_constant = 0.0
         self.cosmological_simulation = 0
-        self.parameters["Time"] = self.current_time  # Hardcode time conversion for now.
-        self.parameters[
-            "HydroMethod"
-        ] = 0  # Hardcode for now until field staggering is supported.
+        # Hardcode time conversion for now.
+        self.parameters["Time"] = self.current_time
+        # Hardcode for now until field staggering is supported.
+        self.parameters["HydroMethod"] = 0
         if "gamma" in self.specified_parameters:
             self.parameters["Gamma"] = self.specified_parameters["gamma"]
         else:
diff --git a/yt/frontends/athena_pp/data_structures.py b/yt/frontends/athena_pp/data_structures.py
index 95ed790e1a3..506a4109011 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/athena_pp/data_structures.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/athena_pp/data_structures.py
@@ -241,10 +241,10 @@ def _parse_parameter_file(self):
         self.omega_matter = 0.0
         self.hubble_constant = 0.0
         self.cosmological_simulation = 0
-        self.parameters["Time"] = self.current_time  # Hardcode time conversion for now.
-        self.parameters[
-            "HydroMethod"
-        ] = 0  # Hardcode for now until field staggering is supported.
+        # Hardcode time conversion for now.
+        self.parameters["Time"] = self.current_time
+        # Hardcode for now until field staggering is supported.
+        self.parameters["HydroMethod"] = 0
         if "gamma" in self.specified_parameters:
             self.parameters["Gamma"] = self.specified_parameters["gamma"]
         else:
diff --git a/yt/frontends/cf_radial/data_structures.py b/yt/frontends/cf_radial/data_structures.py
index 9d362b90311..436517b3004 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/cf_radial/data_structures.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/cf_radial/data_structures.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 import contextlib
 import os
 import weakref
diff --git a/yt/frontends/cf_radial/tests/test_outputs.py b/yt/frontends/cf_radial/tests/test_outputs.py
index ce9cc3b3810..f0798ce66e1 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/cf_radial/tests/test_outputs.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/cf_radial/tests/test_outputs.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 import os
 import shutil
 import tempfile
diff --git a/yt/frontends/chimera/fields.py b/yt/frontends/chimera/fields.py
index 9b576277bf7..7ca9e80f989 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/chimera/fields.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/chimera/fields.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 from yt._typing import KnownFieldsT
 from yt.fields.field_info_container import FieldInfoContainer
 
diff --git a/yt/frontends/gdf/data_structures.py b/yt/frontends/gdf/data_structures.py
index 13fc61d6701..1bb7a88b663 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/gdf/data_structures.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/gdf/data_structures.py
@@ -278,7 +278,8 @@ def _parse_parameter_file(self):
             self.omega_matter = 0.0
             self.hubble_constant = 0.0
             self.cosmological_simulation = 0
-        self.parameters["Time"] = 1.0  # Hardcode time conversion for now.
+        # Hardcode time conversion for now.
+        self.parameters["Time"] = 1.0
         # Hardcode for now until field staggering is supported.
         self.parameters["HydroMethod"] = 0
         self._handle.close()
diff --git a/yt/frontends/gdf/tests/conftest.py b/yt/frontends/gdf/tests/conftest.py
index ae3c17c486a..2715a202ca0 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/gdf/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/gdf/tests/conftest.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 Purpose: Contains fixtures for loading data.
 """
 
-
 # Test data
 sedov = "sedov/sedov_tst_0004.h5"
 
diff --git a/yt/frontends/open_pmd/fields.py b/yt/frontends/open_pmd/fields.py
index c67dfc18dee..709070981ed 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/open_pmd/fields.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/open_pmd/fields.py
@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ def velocity(field, data):
             momentum = data[ptype, f"particle_momentum_{axis}"]
             mass = data[ptype, "particle_mass"]
             weighting = data[ptype, "particle_weighting"]
-            return momentum / np.sqrt(
-                (mass * weighting) ** 2 + (momentum**2) / (c**2)
-            )
+            return momentum / np.sqrt((mass * weighting) ** 2 + (momentum**2) / (c**2))
 
         return velocity
 
diff --git a/yt/frontends/owls/owls_ion_tables.py b/yt/frontends/owls/owls_ion_tables.py
index abdccb6af2f..b139b4486fa 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/owls/owls_ion_tables.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/owls/owls_ion_tables.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ def h5rd(fname, path, dtype=None):
 
 
 class IonTableSpectrum:
-
     """A class to handle the HM01 spectra in the OWLS ionization tables."""
 
     def __init__(self, ion_file):
@@ -60,7 +59,6 @@ def return_table_GH1_at_z(self, z):
 
 
 class IonTableOWLS:
-
     """A class to handle OWLS ionization tables."""
 
     DELTA_nH = 0.25
diff --git a/yt/frontends/ramses/field_handlers.py b/yt/frontends/ramses/field_handlers.py
index 2c4160d27ed..1cb1203a78a 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/ramses/field_handlers.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/ramses/field_handlers.py
@@ -144,9 +144,8 @@ class FieldFileHandler(abc.ABC, HandlerMixin):
     # These properties are static properties
     ftype: Optional[str] = None  # The name to give to the field type
     fname: Optional[str] = None  # The name of the file(s)
-    attrs: Optional[
-        tuple[tuple[str, int, str], ...]
-    ] = None  # The attributes of the header
+    # The attributes of the header
+    attrs: Optional[tuple[tuple[str, int, str], ...]] = None
     known_fields = None  # A list of tuple containing the field name and its type
     config_field: Optional[str] = None  # Name of the config section (if any)
 
diff --git a/yt/frontends/sph/io.py b/yt/frontends/sph/io.py
index 184623e58a6..785d4d850b5 100644
--- a/yt/frontends/sph/io.py
+++ b/yt/frontends/sph/io.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 
 """
+
 from yt.utilities.io_handler import BaseParticleIOHandler
 
 
diff --git a/yt/geometry/coordinates/coordinate_handler.py b/yt/geometry/coordinates/coordinate_handler.py
index 6f02dc04cbe..5cda09f4180 100644
--- a/yt/geometry/coordinates/coordinate_handler.py
+++ b/yt/geometry/coordinates/coordinate_handler.py
@@ -158,8 +158,7 @@ def pixelize(
         periodic=True,
         *,
         return_mask: Literal[False],
-    ) -> "np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[np.float64]]":
-        ...
+    ) -> "np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[np.float64]]": ...
 
     @overload
     def pixelize(
@@ -175,8 +174,7 @@ def pixelize(
         return_mask: Literal[True],
     ) -> tuple[
         "np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[np.float64]]", "np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[np.bool_]]"
-    ]:
-        ...
+    ]: ...
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def pixelize(
diff --git a/yt/loaders.py b/yt/loaders.py
index 43fbafbeeed..694fe847b8b 100644
--- a/yt/loaders.py
+++ b/yt/loaders.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 This module gathers all user-facing functions with a `load_` prefix.
 
 """
+
 import atexit
 import os
 import sys
diff --git a/yt/sample_data/api.py b/yt/sample_data/api.py
index 3d4e84fb3ea..e0de2c12a1f 100644
--- a/yt/sample_data/api.py
+++ b/yt/sample_data/api.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """
 This is a collection of helper functions to yt.load_sample
 """
+
 import json
 import re
 import sys
diff --git a/yt/testing.py b/yt/testing.py
index 7831fb4a167..ecda3b3ab7f 100644
--- a/yt/testing.py
+++ b/yt/testing.py
@@ -154,15 +154,19 @@ def amrspace(extent, levels=7, cells=8):
     # fill non-zero dims
     dcell = 1.0 / cells
     left_slice = tuple(
-        slice(extent[2 * n], extent[2 * n + 1], extent[2 * n + 1])
-        if dims_zero[n]
-        else slice(0.0, 1.0, dcell)
+        (
+            slice(extent[2 * n], extent[2 * n + 1], extent[2 * n + 1])
+            if dims_zero[n]
+            else slice(0.0, 1.0, dcell)
+        )
         for n in range(ndims)
     )
     right_slice = tuple(
-        slice(extent[2 * n + 1], extent[2 * n], -extent[2 * n + 1])
-        if dims_zero[n]
-        else slice(dcell, 1.0 + dcell, dcell)
+        (
+            slice(extent[2 * n + 1], extent[2 * n], -extent[2 * n + 1])
+            if dims_zero[n]
+            else slice(dcell, 1.0 + dcell, dcell)
+        )
         for n in range(ndims)
     )
     left_norm_grid = np.reshape(np.mgrid[left_slice].T.flat[ndims:], (-1, ndims))
@@ -1541,50 +1545,40 @@ def retf(*args, **kwargs):
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_array_equal():
-    ...
+def assert_array_equal(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_almost_equal():
-    ...
+def assert_almost_equal(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_equal():
-    ...
+def assert_equal(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_array_less():
-    ...
+def assert_array_less(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_string_equal():
-    ...
+def assert_string_equal(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_array_almost_equal_nulp():
-    ...
+def assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_allclose():
-    ...
+def assert_allclose(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_raises():
-    ...
+def assert_raises(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_approx_equal():
-    ...
+def assert_approx_equal(): ...
 
 
 @_deprecated_numpy_testing_reexport
-def assert_array_almost_equal():
-    ...
+def assert_array_almost_equal(): ...
diff --git a/yt/utilities/answer_testing/answer_tests.py b/yt/utilities/answer_testing/answer_tests.py
index a5c4a9cd620..31a6fbb8a7e 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/answer_testing/answer_tests.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/answer_testing/answer_tests.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Title: answer_tests.py
 Purpose: Contains answer tests that are used by yt's various frontends
 """
+
 import hashlib
 import os
 import tempfile
diff --git a/yt/utilities/answer_testing/framework.py b/yt/utilities/answer_testing/framework.py
index 1464a30b41f..4abf1531519 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/answer_testing/framework.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/answer_testing/framework.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 Title: framework.py
 Purpose: Contains answer tests that are used by yt's various frontends
 """
+
 import contextlib
 import hashlib
 import logging
diff --git a/yt/utilities/grid_data_format/writer.py b/yt/utilities/grid_data_format/writer.py
index 85b1935e6c1..5391dff592b 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/grid_data_format/writer.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/grid_data_format/writer.py
@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ def _write_fields_to_gdf(
 
         # check that they actually contain something...
         if display_name:
-            sg.attrs["field_name"] = np.string_(display_name)
+            sg.attrs["field_name"] = np.bytes_(display_name)
         else:
-            sg.attrs["field_name"] = np.string_(str(field))
+            sg.attrs["field_name"] = np.bytes_(str(field))
         if units:
-            sg.attrs["field_units"] = np.string_(units)
+            sg.attrs["field_units"] = np.bytes_(units)
         else:
-            sg.attrs["field_units"] = np.string_("None")
+            sg.attrs["field_units"] = np.bytes_("None")
         # @todo: is this always true?
         sg.attrs["staggering"] = 0
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ def _create_new_gdf(
 
     # @todo: Particle type iterator
     sg = g.create_group(particle_type_name)
-    sg["particle_type_name"] = np.string_(particle_type_name)
+    sg["particle_type_name"] = np.bytes_(particle_type_name)
 
     ###
     # root datasets -- info about the grids
diff --git a/yt/utilities/lib/cykdtree/tests/scaling.py b/yt/utilities/lib/cykdtree/tests/scaling.py
index 9b19a922e81..2974c20af2e 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/lib/cykdtree/tests/scaling.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/lib/cykdtree/tests/scaling.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 r"""Routines for tracking the scaling of the triangulation routines."""
+
 import cProfile
 import os
 import pstats
diff --git a/yt/utilities/lib/tests/test_alt_ray_tracers.py b/yt/utilities/lib/tests/test_alt_ray_tracers.py
index 7a61b6bad28..820f0503c6c 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/lib/tests/test_alt_ray_tracers.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/lib/tests/test_alt_ray_tracers.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for non-cartesian ray tracers."""
+
 import numpy as np
 from numpy.testing import assert_equal
 
diff --git a/yt/utilities/lodgeit.py b/yt/utilities/lodgeit.py
index 32fea65c1bb..cc4680d2de9 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/lodgeit.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/lodgeit.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
               2006 Matt Good <matt@matt-good.net>,
               2005 Raphael Slinckx <raphael@slinckx.net>
 """
+
 import os
 import sys
 from optparse import OptionParser
diff --git a/yt/utilities/sdf.py b/yt/utilities/sdf.py
index 42836bc18ac..2ee44c17160 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/sdf.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/sdf.py
@@ -557,7 +557,6 @@ def _shift_periodic(pos, left, right, domain_width):
 
 
 class SDFIndex:
-
     """docstring for SDFIndex
 
     This provides an index mechanism into the full SDF Dataset.
diff --git a/yt/utilities/tests/test_config.py b/yt/utilities/tests/test_config.py
index 513818a2b06..5ce441070ce 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/tests/test_config.py
@@ -69,9 +69,11 @@ def _runYTConfig(self, args):
         args = ["yt", "config"] + args
         retcode = 0
 
-        with mock.patch.object(sys, "argv", args), mock.patch(
-            "sys.exit", side_effect=SysExitException
-        ) as exit, captureOutput() as output:
+        with (
+            mock.patch.object(sys, "argv", args),
+            mock.patch("sys.exit", side_effect=SysExitException) as exit,
+            captureOutput() as output,
+        ):
             try:
                 yt.utilities.command_line.run_main()
             except SysExitException:
diff --git a/yt/utilities/tree_container.py b/yt/utilities/tree_container.py
index d41d4df588d..350e5f96302 100644
--- a/yt/utilities/tree_container.py
+++ b/yt/utilities/tree_container.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ class TreeContainer:
     clump-finder trees.
 
     """
+
     _child_attr = "children"
 
     def __init__(self):
diff --git a/yt/visualization/color_maps.py b/yt/visualization/color_maps.py
index 02cc49b16f9..c4ba1d9c2ab 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/color_maps.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/color_maps.py
@@ -331,9 +331,9 @@ def make_colormap(ctuple_list, name=None, interpolate=True):
         # Use np.round to make sure you're on a discrete index
         interval = int(np.round(next_index) - np.round(rolling_index))
         for j in np.arange(3):
-            cmap[
-                int(np.rint(rolling_index)) : int(np.rint(next_index)), j
-            ] = np.linspace(color[j], next_color[j], num=interval)
+            cmap[int(np.rint(rolling_index)) : int(np.rint(next_index)), j] = (
+                np.linspace(color[j], next_color[j], num=interval)
+            )
 
         rolling_index = next_index
 
diff --git a/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution.py b/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution.py
index 7e1123cdf6f..1076d4730c6 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution.py
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ class FixedResolutionBuffer:
     >>> print(frb1[("gas", "temperature")].max())
     104923.1 K
     """
+
     _exclude_fields = (
         "pz",
         "pdz",
diff --git a/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution_filters.py b/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution_filters.py
index 35063e798bc..25ca0a0250b 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution_filters.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/fixed_resolution_filters.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ def newfunc(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
 
 class FixedResolutionBufferFilter(ABC):
-
     """
     This object allows to apply data transformation directly to
     :class:`yt.visualization.fixed_resolution.FixedResolutionBuffer`
@@ -70,7 +69,6 @@ def __call__(self, buff: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
 
 
 class FixedResolutionBufferGaussBeamFilter(FixedResolutionBufferFilter):
-
     """
     This filter convolves
     :class:`yt.visualization.fixed_resolution.FixedResolutionBuffer` with
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@ def apply(self, buff):
 
 
 class FixedResolutionBufferWhiteNoiseFilter(FixedResolutionBufferFilter):
-
     """
     This filter adds white noise with the amplitude "bg_lvl" to
     :class:`yt.visualization.fixed_resolution.FixedResolutionBuffer`.
diff --git a/yt/visualization/line_plot.py b/yt/visualization/line_plot.py
index 2d44176138c..888f5708ab3 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/line_plot.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/line_plot.py
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ class LinePlot(BaseLinePlot):
     >>> plot.save()
 
     """
+
     _plot_dict_type = LinePlotDictionary
     _plot_type = "line_plot"
 
diff --git a/yt/visualization/particle_plots.py b/yt/visualization/particle_plots.py
index 6d4b92670bd..4e24f4fada0 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/particle_plots.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/particle_plots.py
@@ -325,6 +325,7 @@ class ParticleProjectionPlot(PWViewerMPL, NormalPlot):
     >>> p.save()
 
     """
+
     _plot_type = "Particle"
     _frb_generator = ParticleImageBuffer
 
@@ -553,6 +554,7 @@ class ParticlePhasePlot(PhasePlot):
     >>> plot.set_unit("particle_mass", "Msun")
 
     """
+
     _plot_type = "ParticlePhase"
 
     def __init__(
diff --git a/yt/visualization/plot_window.py b/yt/visualization/plot_window.py
index 412cc28f8ad..bb6cae9c9dc 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/plot_window.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/plot_window.py
@@ -1785,6 +1785,7 @@ class AxisAlignedSlicePlot(SlicePlot, PWViewerMPL):
     >>> p.save("sliceplot")
 
     """
+
     _plot_type = "Slice"
     _frb_generator = FixedResolutionBuffer
 
@@ -2011,6 +2012,7 @@ class AxisAlignedProjectionPlot(ProjectionPlot, PWViewerMPL):
     >>> p = AxisAlignedProjectionPlot(ds, "z", ("gas", "density"), width=(20, "kpc"))
 
     """
+
     _plot_type = "Projection"
     _frb_generator = FixedResolutionBuffer
 
@@ -2407,6 +2409,7 @@ class OffAxisProjectionPlot(ProjectionPlot, PWViewerMPL):
         used. Effectively sets a resolution limit to the image if buff_size is
         smaller than the finest gridding.
     """
+
     _plot_type = "OffAxisProjection"
     _frb_generator = OffAxisProjectionFixedResolutionBuffer
     _supported_geometries = ("cartesian", "spectral_cube")
diff --git a/yt/visualization/profile_plotter.py b/yt/visualization/profile_plotter.py
index 141299be1c1..004352cf903 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/profile_plotter.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/profile_plotter.py
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ class ProfilePlot(BaseLinePlot):
     Use set_line_property to change line properties of one or all profiles.
 
     """
+
     _default_figure_size = (10.0, 8.0)
     _default_font_size = 18.0
 
@@ -911,6 +912,7 @@ class PhasePlot(ImagePlotContainer):
     >>> plot.annotate_title("This is a phase plot")
 
     """
+
     x_log = None
     y_log = None
     plot_title = None
diff --git a/yt/visualization/tests/test_particle_plot.py b/yt/visualization/tests/test_particle_plot.py
index 6d2a735e950..a6cddbae3a5 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/tests/test_particle_plot.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/tests/test_particle_plot.py
@@ -267,12 +267,10 @@ def test_particle_phase_plot(self):
                 particle_phases.append(ParticlePhasePlot.from_profile(pp))
         particle_phases[0]._repr_html_()
 
-        with mock.patch(
-            "matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.FigureCanvasAgg.print_figure"
-        ), mock.patch(
-            "matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.FigureCanvasPdf.print_figure"
-        ), mock.patch(
-            "matplotlib.backends.backend_ps.FigureCanvasPS.print_figure"
+        with (
+            mock.patch("matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.FigureCanvasAgg.print_figure"),
+            mock.patch("matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.FigureCanvasPdf.print_figure"),
+            mock.patch("matplotlib.backends.backend_ps.FigureCanvasPS.print_figure"),
         ):
             for p in particle_phases:
                 for fname in TEST_FLNMS:
@@ -384,12 +382,10 @@ def test_particle_plot(self):
                 ),
             ]
         particle_projs[0]._repr_html_()
-        with mock.patch(
-            "matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.FigureCanvasAgg.print_figure"
-        ), mock.patch(
-            "matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.FigureCanvasPdf.print_figure"
-        ), mock.patch(
-            "matplotlib.backends.backend_ps.FigureCanvasPS.print_figure"
+        with (
+            mock.patch("matplotlib.backends.backend_agg.FigureCanvasAgg.print_figure"),
+            mock.patch("matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.FigureCanvasPdf.print_figure"),
+            mock.patch("matplotlib.backends.backend_ps.FigureCanvasPS.print_figure"),
         ):
             for p in particle_projs:
                 for fname in TEST_FLNMS:
diff --git a/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/old_camera.py b/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/old_camera.py
index 30d1fda4c4e..cca5ff178a0 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/old_camera.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/old_camera.py
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ class Camera(ParallelAnalysisInterface):
     >>> image = cam.snapshot(fn="my_rendering.png")
 
     """
+
     _sampler_object = VolumeRenderSampler
     _tf_figure = None
     _render_figure = None
diff --git a/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/scene.py b/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/scene.py
index e1a9b2e3f08..e45033cb14c 100644
--- a/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/scene.py
+++ b/yt/visualization/volume_rendering/scene.py
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 
 
 class Scene:
-
     """A virtual landscape for a volume rendering.
 
     The Scene class is meant to be the primary container for the