Win32: support long paths

Windows paths are typically limited to MAX_PATH = 260 characters, even
though the underlying NTFS file system supports paths up to 32,767 chars.
This limitation is also evident in Windows Explorer, cmd.exe and many
other applications (including IDEs).

Particularly annoying is that most Windows APIs return bogus error codes
if a relative path only barely exceeds MAX_PATH in conjunction with the
current directory, e.g. ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND / ENOENT instead of the
infinitely more helpful ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE / ENAMETOOLONG.

Many Windows wide char APIs support longer than MAX_PATH paths through the
file namespace prefix ('\\?\' or '\\?\UNC\') followed by an absolute path.
Notable exceptions include functions dealing with executables and the
current directory (CreateProcess, LoadLibrary, Get/SetCurrentDirectory) as
well as the entire shell API (ShellExecute, SHGetSpecialFolderPath...).

Introduce a handle_long_path function to check the length of a specified
path properly (and fail with ENAMETOOLONG), and to optionally expand long
paths using the '\\?\' file namespace prefix. Short paths will not be
modified, so we don't need to worry about device names (NUL, CON, AUX).

Contrary to MSDN docs, the GetFullPathNameW function doesn't seem to be
limited to MAX_PATH (at least not on Win7), so we can use it to do the
heavy lifting of the conversion (translate '/' to '\', eliminate '.' and
'..', and make an absolute path).

Add long path error checking to xutftowcs_path for APIs with hard MAX_PATH
limit.

Add a new MAX_LONG_PATH constant and xutftowcs_long_path function for APIs
that support long paths.

While improved error checking is always active, long paths support must be
explicitly enabled via 'core.longpaths' option. This is to prevent end
users to shoot themselves in the foot by checking out files that Windows
Explorer, cmd/bash or their favorite IDE cannot handle.

Test suite:
Test the case is when the full pathname length of a dir is close
to 260 (MAX_PATH).
Bug report and an original reproducer by Andrey Rogozhnikov:
msysgit#122 (comment)

[jes: adjusted test number to avoid conflicts]

Thanks-to: Martin W. Kirst <maki@bitkings.de>
Thanks-to: Doug Kelly <dougk.ff7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de>
Original-test-by: Andrey Rogozhnikov <rogozhnikov.andrey@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

Author: dscho

Documentation/config.txt

@@ -915,6 +915,13 @@ core.fscache::
 Git for Windows uses this to bulk-read and cache lstat data of entire
 directories (instead of doing lstat file by file).
 
+core.longpaths::
+	Enable long path (> 260) support for builtin commands in Git for
+	Windows. This is disabled by default, as long paths are not supported
+	by Windows Explorer, cmd.exe and the Git for Windows tool chain
+	(msys, bash, tcl, perl...). Only enable this if you know what you're
+	doing and are prepared to live with a few quirks.
+
 core.unsetenvvars::
 	EXPERIMENTAL, Windows-only: comma-separated list of environment
 	variables' names that need to be unset before spawning any other

compat/mingw.c

@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ enum hide_dotfiles_type {
 static enum hide_dotfiles_type hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
 static char *unset_environment_variables;
 int core_fscache;
+int core_long_paths;
 
 int mingw_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -229,6 +230,11 @@ int mingw_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.longpaths")) {
+		core_long_paths = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.unsetenvvars")) {
 		free(unset_environment_variables);
 		unset_environment_variables = xstrdup(value);
@@ -266,8 +272,8 @@ static wchar_t *normalize_ntpath(wchar_t *wbuf)
 int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 {
 	int ret, tries = 0;
-	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
+	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	/* read-only files cannot be removed */
@@ -296,7 +302,7 @@ static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 {
 	WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 	HANDLE handle;
-	wchar_t wbuf[MAX_PATH + 2];
+	wchar_t wbuf[MAX_LONG_PATH + 2];
 	wcscpy(wbuf, wpath);
 	wcscat(wbuf, L"\\*");
 	handle = FindFirstFileW(wbuf, &findbuf);
@@ -317,8 +323,8 @@ static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 {
 	int ret, tries = 0;
-	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
+	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	while ((ret = _wrmdir(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
@@ -393,9 +399,12 @@ static int set_hidden_flag(const wchar_t *path, int set)
 int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
 {
 	int ret;
-	wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
+	wchar_t wpath[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	/* CreateDirectoryW path limit is 248 (MAX_PATH - 8.3 file name) */
+	if (xutftowcs_path_ex(wpath, path, MAX_LONG_PATH, -1, 248,
+			core_long_paths) < 0)
 		return -1;
+
 	ret = _wmkdir(wpath);
 	if (!ret && needs_hiding(path))
 		return set_hidden_flag(wpath, 1);
@@ -438,7 +447,7 @@ int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 	va_list args;
 	unsigned mode;
 	int fd;
-	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_LONG_PATH];
 	open_fn_t open_fn;
 
 	va_start(args, oflags);
@@ -453,7 +462,7 @@ int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 	else
 		open_fn = _wopen;
 
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	fd = open_fn(wfilename, oflags, mode);
 
@@ -510,10 +519,10 @@ FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 {
 	int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 	FILE *file;
-	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_LONG_PATH], wotype[4];
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 		xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 		return NULL;
 	if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
@@ -532,10 +541,10 @@ FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 {
 	int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 	FILE *file;
-	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_LONG_PATH], wotype[4];
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 		xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 		return NULL;
 	if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
@@ -589,25 +598,32 @@ ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 
 int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode)
 {
-	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	/* X_OK is not supported by the MSVCRT version */
 	return _waccess(wfilename, mode & ~X_OK);
 }
 
+/* cached length of current directory for handle_long_path */
+static int current_directory_len = 0;
+
 int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
 {
+	int result;
 	wchar_t wdirname[MAX_PATH];
+	/* SetCurrentDirectoryW doesn't support long paths */
 	if (xutftowcs_path(wdirname, dirname) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	return _wchdir(wdirname);
+	result = _wchdir(wdirname);
+	current_directory_len = GetCurrentDirectoryW(0, NULL);
+	return result;
 }
 
 int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode)
 {
-	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	return _wchmod(wfilename, mode);
 }
@@ -655,8 +671,8 @@ static int has_valid_directory_prefix(wchar_t *wfilename)
 static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
-	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	if (GetFileAttributesExW(wfilename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fdata)) {
@@ -827,8 +843,8 @@ int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 	FILETIME mft, aft;
 	int fh, rc;
 	DWORD attrs;
-	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	/* must have write permission */
@@ -889,6 +905,7 @@ char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
 	wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
 	int offset = 0;
 
+	/* we need to return the path, thus no long paths here! */
 	if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -1329,6 +1346,7 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaen
 	si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
 	si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
 
+	/* executables and the current directory don't support long paths */
 	if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
@@ -1896,8 +1914,9 @@ int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
 {
 	DWORD attrs, gle;
 	int tries = 0;
-	wchar_t wpold[MAX_PATH], wpnew[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(wpold, pold) < 0 || xutftowcs_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
+	wchar_t wpold[MAX_LONG_PATH], wpnew[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(wpold, pold) < 0 ||
+	    xutftowcs_long_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	/*
@@ -2161,9 +2180,9 @@ int mingw_raise(int sig)
 
 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
 {
-	wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
-	if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
-		xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
+	wchar_t woldpath[MAX_LONG_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_long_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
+	    xutftowcs_long_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	if (!CreateHardLinkW(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
@@ -2366,6 +2385,68 @@ static void setup_windows_environment(void)
 		setenv("TERM", "cygwin", 1);
 }
 
+int handle_long_path(wchar_t *path, int len, int max_path, int expand)
+{
+	int result;
+	wchar_t buf[MAX_LONG_PATH];
+
+	/*
+	 * we don't need special handling if path is relative to the current
+	 * directory, and current directory + path don't exceed the desired
+	 * max_path limit. This should cover > 99 % of cases with minimal
+	 * performance impact (git almost always uses relative paths).
+	 */
+	if ((len < 2 || (!is_dir_sep(path[0]) && path[1] != ':')) &&
+	    (current_directory_len + len < max_path))
+		return len;
+
+	/*
+	 * handle everything else:
+	 * - absolute paths: "C:\dir\file"
+	 * - absolute UNC paths: "\\server\share\dir\file"
+	 * - absolute paths on current drive: "\dir\file"
+	 * - relative paths on other drive: "X:file"
+	 * - prefixed paths: "\\?\...", "\\.\..."
+	 */
+
+	/* convert to absolute path using GetFullPathNameW */
+	result = GetFullPathNameW(path, MAX_LONG_PATH, buf, NULL);
+	if (!result) {
+		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * return absolute path if it fits within max_path (even if
+	 * "cwd + path" doesn't due to '..' components)
+	 */
+	if (result < max_path) {
+		wcscpy(path, buf);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/* error out if we shouldn't expand the path or buf is too small */
+	if (!expand || result >= MAX_LONG_PATH - 6) {
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* prefix full path with "\\?\" or "\\?\UNC\" */
+	if (buf[0] == '\\') {
+		/* ...unless already prefixed */
+		if (buf[1] == '\\' && (buf[2] == '?' || buf[2] == '.'))
+			return len;
+
+		wcscpy(path, L"\\\\?\\UNC\\");
+		wcscpy(path + 8, buf + 2);
+		return result + 6;
+	} else {
+		wcscpy(path, L"\\\\?\\");
+		wcscpy(path + 4, buf);
+		return result + 4;
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
  * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
@@ -2530,6 +2611,9 @@ int wmain(int argc, const wchar_t **wargv)
 	/* initialize Unicode console */
 	winansi_init();
 
+	/* init length of current directory for handle_long_path */
+	current_directory_len = GetCurrentDirectoryW(0, NULL);
+
 	/* invoke the real main() using our utf8 version of argv. */
 	exit_status = main(argc, argv);