diff --git a/ssh/server.go b/ssh/server.go
index c2dfe3268c..92d73233ba 100644
--- a/ssh/server.go
+++ b/ssh/server.go
@@ -426,6 +426,35 @@ func (l ServerAuthError) Error() string {
 	return "[" + strings.Join(errs, ", ") + "]"
 }
 
+// ServerAuthCallbacks defines server-side authentication callbacks.
+type ServerAuthCallbacks struct {
+	// PasswordCallback behaves like [ServerConfig.PasswordCallback].
+	PasswordCallback func(conn ConnMetadata, password []byte) (*Permissions, error)
+
+	// PublicKeyCallback behaves like [ServerConfig.PublicKeyCallback].
+	PublicKeyCallback func(conn ConnMetadata, key PublicKey) (*Permissions, error)
+
+	// KeyboardInteractiveCallback behaves like [ServerConfig.KeyboardInteractiveCallback].
+	KeyboardInteractiveCallback func(conn ConnMetadata, client KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) (*Permissions, error)
+
+	// GSSAPIWithMICConfig behaves like [ServerConfig.GSSAPIWithMICConfig].
+	GSSAPIWithMICConfig *GSSAPIWithMICConfig
+}
+
+// PartialSuccessError can be returned by any of the [ServerConfig]
+// authentication callbacks to indicate to the client that authentication has
+// partially succeeded, but further steps are required.
+type PartialSuccessError struct {
+	// Next defines the authentication callbacks to apply to further steps. The
+	// available methods communicated to the client are based on the non-nil
+	// ServerAuthCallbacks fields.
+	Next ServerAuthCallbacks
+}
+
+func (p *PartialSuccessError) Error() string {
+	return "ssh: authenticated with partial success"
+}
+
 // ErrNoAuth is the error value returned if no
 // authentication method has been passed yet. This happens as a normal
 // part of the authentication loop, since the client first tries
@@ -441,6 +470,15 @@ func (s *connection) serverAuthenticate(config *ServerConfig) (*Permissions, err
 	authFailures := 0
 	var authErrs []error
 	var displayedBanner bool
+	partialSuccessReturned := false
+	// Set the initial authentication callbacks from the config. They can be
+	// changed if a PartialSuccessError is returned.
+	authConfig := ServerAuthCallbacks{
+		PasswordCallback:            config.PasswordCallback,
+		PublicKeyCallback:           config.PublicKeyCallback,
+		KeyboardInteractiveCallback: config.KeyboardInteractiveCallback,
+		GSSAPIWithMICConfig:         config.GSSAPIWithMICConfig,
+	}
 
 userAuthLoop:
 	for {
@@ -471,6 +509,11 @@ userAuthLoop:
 			return nil, errors.New("ssh: client attempted to negotiate for unknown service: " + userAuthReq.Service)
 		}
 
+		if s.user != userAuthReq.User && partialSuccessReturned {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ssh: client changed the user after a partial success authentication, previous user %q, current user %q",
+				s.user, userAuthReq.User)
+		}
+
 		s.user = userAuthReq.User
 
 		if !displayedBanner && config.BannerCallback != nil {
@@ -491,20 +534,17 @@ userAuthLoop:
 
 		switch userAuthReq.Method {
 		case "none":
-			if config.NoClientAuth {
+			// We don't allow none authentication after a partial success
+			// response.
+			if config.NoClientAuth && !partialSuccessReturned {
 				if config.NoClientAuthCallback != nil {
 					perms, authErr = config.NoClientAuthCallback(s)
 				} else {
 					authErr = nil
 				}
 			}
-
-			// allow initial attempt of 'none' without penalty
-			if authFailures == 0 {
-				authFailures--
-			}
 		case "password":
-			if config.PasswordCallback == nil {
+			if authConfig.PasswordCallback == nil {
 				authErr = errors.New("ssh: password auth not configured")
 				break
 			}
@@ -518,17 +558,17 @@ userAuthLoop:
 				return nil, parseError(msgUserAuthRequest)
 			}
 
-			perms, authErr = config.PasswordCallback(s, password)
+			perms, authErr = authConfig.PasswordCallback(s, password)
 		case "keyboard-interactive":
-			if config.KeyboardInteractiveCallback == nil {
+			if authConfig.KeyboardInteractiveCallback == nil {
 				authErr = errors.New("ssh: keyboard-interactive auth not configured")
 				break
 			}
 
 			prompter := &sshClientKeyboardInteractive{s}
-			perms, authErr = config.KeyboardInteractiveCallback(s, prompter.Challenge)
+			perms, authErr = authConfig.KeyboardInteractiveCallback(s, prompter.Challenge)
 		case "publickey":
-			if config.PublicKeyCallback == nil {
+			if authConfig.PublicKeyCallback == nil {
 				authErr = errors.New("ssh: publickey auth not configured")
 				break
 			}
@@ -562,11 +602,18 @@ userAuthLoop:
 			if !ok {
 				candidate.user = s.user
 				candidate.pubKeyData = pubKeyData
-				candidate.perms, candidate.result = config.PublicKeyCallback(s, pubKey)
-				if candidate.result == nil && candidate.perms != nil && candidate.perms.CriticalOptions != nil && candidate.perms.CriticalOptions[sourceAddressCriticalOption] != "" {
-					candidate.result = checkSourceAddress(
+				candidate.perms, candidate.result = authConfig.PublicKeyCallback(s, pubKey)
+				_, isPartialSuccessError := candidate.result.(*PartialSuccessError)
+
+				if (candidate.result == nil || isPartialSuccessError) &&
+					candidate.perms != nil &&
+					candidate.perms.CriticalOptions != nil &&
+					candidate.perms.CriticalOptions[sourceAddressCriticalOption] != "" {
+					if err := checkSourceAddress(
 						s.RemoteAddr(),
-						candidate.perms.CriticalOptions[sourceAddressCriticalOption])
+						candidate.perms.CriticalOptions[sourceAddressCriticalOption]); err != nil {
+						candidate.result = err
+					}
 				}
 				cache.add(candidate)
 			}
@@ -578,8 +625,8 @@ userAuthLoop:
 				if len(payload) > 0 {
 					return nil, parseError(msgUserAuthRequest)
 				}
-
-				if candidate.result == nil {
+				_, isPartialSuccessError := candidate.result.(*PartialSuccessError)
+				if candidate.result == nil || isPartialSuccessError {
 					okMsg := userAuthPubKeyOkMsg{
 						Algo:   algo,
 						PubKey: pubKeyData,
@@ -629,11 +676,11 @@ userAuthLoop:
 				perms = candidate.perms
 			}
 		case "gssapi-with-mic":
-			if config.GSSAPIWithMICConfig == nil {
+			if authConfig.GSSAPIWithMICConfig == nil {
 				authErr = errors.New("ssh: gssapi-with-mic auth not configured")
 				break
 			}
-			gssapiConfig := config.GSSAPIWithMICConfig
+			gssapiConfig := authConfig.GSSAPIWithMICConfig
 			userAuthRequestGSSAPI, err := parseGSSAPIPayload(userAuthReq.Payload)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, parseError(msgUserAuthRequest)
@@ -689,49 +736,70 @@ userAuthLoop:
 			break userAuthLoop
 		}
 
-		authFailures++
-		if config.MaxAuthTries > 0 && authFailures >= config.MaxAuthTries {
-			// If we have hit the max attempts, don't bother sending the
-			// final SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE message, since there are
-			// no more authentication methods which can be attempted,
-			// and this message may cause the client to re-attempt
-			// authentication while we send the disconnect message.
-			// Continue, and trigger the disconnect at the start of
-			// the loop.
-			//
-			// The SSH specification is somewhat confusing about this,
-			// RFC 4252 Section 5.1 requires each authentication failure
-			// be responded to with a respective SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE
-			// message, but Section 4 says the server should disconnect
-			// after some number of attempts, but it isn't explicit which
-			// message should take precedence (i.e. should there be a failure
-			// message than a disconnect message, or if we are going to
-			// disconnect, should we only send that message.)
-			//
-			// Either way, OpenSSH disconnects immediately after the last
-			// failed authnetication attempt, and given they are typically
-			// considered the golden implementation it seems reasonable
-			// to match that behavior.
-			continue
+		var failureMsg userAuthFailureMsg
+
+		if partialSuccess, ok := authErr.(*PartialSuccessError); ok {
+			// After a partial success error we don't allow changing the user
+			// name and execute the NoClientAuthCallback.
+			partialSuccessReturned = true
+
+			// In case a partial success is returned, the server may send
+			// a new set of authentication methods.
+			authConfig = partialSuccess.Next
+
+			// Reset pubkey cache, as the new PublicKeyCallback might
+			// accept a different set of public keys.
+			cache = pubKeyCache{}
+
+			// Send back a partial success message to the user.
+			failureMsg.PartialSuccess = true
+		} else {
+			// Allow initial attempt of 'none' without penalty.
+			if authFailures > 0 || userAuthReq.Method != "none" {
+				authFailures++
+			}
+			if config.MaxAuthTries > 0 && authFailures >= config.MaxAuthTries {
+				// If we have hit the max attempts, don't bother sending the
+				// final SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE message, since there are
+				// no more authentication methods which can be attempted,
+				// and this message may cause the client to re-attempt
+				// authentication while we send the disconnect message.
+				// Continue, and trigger the disconnect at the start of
+				// the loop.
+				//
+				// The SSH specification is somewhat confusing about this,
+				// RFC 4252 Section 5.1 requires each authentication failure
+				// be responded to with a respective SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE
+				// message, but Section 4 says the server should disconnect
+				// after some number of attempts, but it isn't explicit which
+				// message should take precedence (i.e. should there be a failure
+				// message than a disconnect message, or if we are going to
+				// disconnect, should we only send that message.)
+				//
+				// Either way, OpenSSH disconnects immediately after the last
+				// failed authnetication attempt, and given they are typically
+				// considered the golden implementation it seems reasonable
+				// to match that behavior.
+				continue
+			}
 		}
 
-		var failureMsg userAuthFailureMsg
-		if config.PasswordCallback != nil {
+		if authConfig.PasswordCallback != nil {
 			failureMsg.Methods = append(failureMsg.Methods, "password")
 		}
-		if config.PublicKeyCallback != nil {
+		if authConfig.PublicKeyCallback != nil {
 			failureMsg.Methods = append(failureMsg.Methods, "publickey")
 		}
-		if config.KeyboardInteractiveCallback != nil {
+		if authConfig.KeyboardInteractiveCallback != nil {
 			failureMsg.Methods = append(failureMsg.Methods, "keyboard-interactive")
 		}
-		if config.GSSAPIWithMICConfig != nil && config.GSSAPIWithMICConfig.Server != nil &&
-			config.GSSAPIWithMICConfig.AllowLogin != nil {
+		if authConfig.GSSAPIWithMICConfig != nil && authConfig.GSSAPIWithMICConfig.Server != nil &&
+			authConfig.GSSAPIWithMICConfig.AllowLogin != nil {
 			failureMsg.Methods = append(failureMsg.Methods, "gssapi-with-mic")
 		}
 
 		if len(failureMsg.Methods) == 0 {
-			return nil, errors.New("ssh: no authentication methods configured but NoClientAuth is also false")
+			return nil, errors.New("ssh: no authentication methods available")
 		}
 
 		if err := s.transport.writePacket(Marshal(&failureMsg)); err != nil {
diff --git a/ssh/server_multi_auth_test.go b/ssh/server_multi_auth_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b39802437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ssh/server_multi_auth_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package ssh
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func doClientServerAuth(t *testing.T, serverConfig *ServerConfig, clientConfig *ClientConfig) ([]error, error) {
+	c1, c2, err := netPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("netPipe: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer c1.Close()
+	defer c2.Close()
+
+	var serverAuthErrors []error
+
+	serverConfig.AddHostKey(testSigners["rsa"])
+	serverConfig.AuthLogCallback = func(conn ConnMetadata, method string, err error) {
+		serverAuthErrors = append(serverAuthErrors, err)
+	}
+	go newServer(c1, serverConfig)
+	c, _, _, err := NewClientConn(c2, "", clientConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		c.Close()
+	}
+	return serverAuthErrors, err
+}
+
+func TestMultiStepAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	// This user can login with password, public key or public key + password.
+	username := "testuser"
+	// This user can login with public key + password only.
+	usernameSecondFactor := "testuser_second_factor"
+	errPwdAuthFailed := errors.New("password auth failed")
+	errWrongSequence := errors.New("wrong sequence")
+
+	serverConfig := &ServerConfig{
+		PasswordCallback: func(conn ConnMetadata, password []byte) (*Permissions, error) {
+			if conn.User() == usernameSecondFactor {
+				return nil, errWrongSequence
+			}
+			if conn.User() == username && string(password) == clientPassword {
+				return nil, nil
+			}
+			return nil, errPwdAuthFailed
+		},
+		PublicKeyCallback: func(conn ConnMetadata, key PublicKey) (*Permissions, error) {
+			if bytes.Equal(key.Marshal(), testPublicKeys["rsa"].Marshal()) {
+				if conn.User() == usernameSecondFactor {
+					return nil, &PartialSuccessError{
+						Next: ServerAuthCallbacks{
+							PasswordCallback: func(conn ConnMetadata, password []byte) (*Permissions, error) {
+								if string(password) == clientPassword {
+									return nil, nil
+								}
+								return nil, errPwdAuthFailed
+							},
+						},
+					}
+				}
+				return nil, nil
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("pubkey for %q not acceptable", conn.User())
+		},
+	}
+
+	clientConfig := &ClientConfig{
+		User: usernameSecondFactor,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+			Password(clientPassword),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err := doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - no auth passed yet
+	// - partial success
+	// - nil
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[1].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected partial success error, got: %v", serverAuthErrors[1])
+	}
+	// Now test a wrong sequence.
+	clientConfig.Auth = []AuthMethod{
+		Password(clientPassword),
+		PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("client login with wrong sequence must fail")
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - no auth passed yet
+	// - wrong sequence
+	// - partial success
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if serverAuthErrors[1] != errWrongSequence {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned wrong sequence")
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[2].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected partial success error, got: %v", serverAuthErrors[2])
+	}
+	// Now test using a correct sequence but a wrong password before the right
+	// one.
+	n := 0
+	passwords := []string{"WRONG", "WRONG", clientPassword}
+	clientConfig.Auth = []AuthMethod{
+		PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+		RetryableAuthMethod(PasswordCallback(func() (string, error) {
+			p := passwords[n]
+			n++
+			return p, nil
+		}), 3),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - no auth passed yet
+	// - partial success
+	// - wrong password
+	// - wrong password
+	// - nil
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[1].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+	if serverAuthErrors[2] != errPwdAuthFailed {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned password authentication failed")
+	}
+	if serverAuthErrors[3] != errPwdAuthFailed {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned password authentication failed")
+	}
+	// Only password authentication should fail.
+	clientConfig.Auth = []AuthMethod{
+		Password(clientPassword),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("client login with password only must fail")
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - no auth passed yet
+	// - wrong sequence
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if serverAuthErrors[1] != errWrongSequence {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned wrong sequence")
+	}
+
+	// Only public key authentication should fail.
+	clientConfig.Auth = []AuthMethod{
+		PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("client login with public key only must fail")
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - no auth passed yet
+	// - partial success
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[1].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+
+	// Public key and wrong password.
+	clientConfig.Auth = []AuthMethod{
+		PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+		Password("WRONG"),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("client login with wrong password after public key must fail")
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - no auth passed yet
+	// - partial success
+	// - password auth failed
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[1].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+	if serverAuthErrors[2] != errPwdAuthFailed {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned password authentication failed")
+	}
+
+	// Public key, public key again and then correct password. Public key
+	// authentication is attempted only once because the partial success error
+	// returns only "password" as the allowed authentication method.
+	clientConfig.Auth = []AuthMethod{
+		PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+		PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+		Password(clientPassword),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - no auth passed yet
+	// - partial success
+	// - nil
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[1].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+
+	// The unrestricted username can do anything
+	clientConfig = &ClientConfig{
+		User: username,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+			Password(clientPassword),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	_, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unrestricted client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	clientConfig = &ClientConfig{
+		User: username,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	_, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unrestricted client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	clientConfig = &ClientConfig{
+		User: username,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			Password(clientPassword),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	_, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unrestricted client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDynamicAuthCallbacks(t *testing.T) {
+	user1 := "user1"
+	user2 := "user2"
+	errInvalidCredentials := errors.New("invalid credentials")
+
+	serverConfig := &ServerConfig{
+		NoClientAuth: true,
+		NoClientAuthCallback: func(conn ConnMetadata) (*Permissions, error) {
+			switch conn.User() {
+			case user1:
+				return nil, &PartialSuccessError{
+					Next: ServerAuthCallbacks{
+						PasswordCallback: func(conn ConnMetadata, password []byte) (*Permissions, error) {
+							if conn.User() == user1 && string(password) == clientPassword {
+								return nil, nil
+							}
+							return nil, errInvalidCredentials
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			case user2:
+				return nil, &PartialSuccessError{
+					Next: ServerAuthCallbacks{
+						PublicKeyCallback: func(conn ConnMetadata, key PublicKey) (*Permissions, error) {
+							if bytes.Equal(key.Marshal(), testPublicKeys["rsa"].Marshal()) {
+								if conn.User() == user2 {
+									return nil, nil
+								}
+							}
+							return nil, errInvalidCredentials
+						},
+					},
+				}
+			default:
+				return nil, errInvalidCredentials
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	clientConfig := &ClientConfig{
+		User: user1,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			Password(clientPassword),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err := doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - partial success
+	// - nil
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[0].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+
+	clientConfig = &ClientConfig{
+		User: user2,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client login error: %s", err)
+	}
+	// The error sequence is:
+	// - partial success
+	// - nil
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[0].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+
+	// user1 cannot login with public key
+	clientConfig = &ClientConfig{
+		User: user1,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			PublicKeys(testSigners["rsa"]),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("user1 login with public key must fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no supported methods remain") {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, expected 'no supported methods remain'", err)
+	}
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[0].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+	// user2 cannot login with password
+	clientConfig = &ClientConfig{
+		User: user2,
+		Auth: []AuthMethod{
+			Password(clientPassword),
+		},
+		HostKeyCallback: InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+
+	serverAuthErrors, err = doClientServerAuth(t, serverConfig, clientConfig)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("user2 login with password must fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no supported methods remain") {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, expected 'no supported methods remain'", err)
+	}
+	if len(serverAuthErrors) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of server auth errors: %v, errors: %+v", len(serverAuthErrors), serverAuthErrors)
+	}
+	if _, ok := serverAuthErrors[0].(*PartialSuccessError); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("server not returned partial success")
+	}
+}