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class Solution {
public:
vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
vector<string> res;
dfs(n, n, "", res);
return res;
}
void dfs(int left, int right, string cur, vector<string> &res) {
if (left > right) return;
if (left == 0 && right == 0) res.push_back(cur);
else {
if (left > 0) dfs(left - 1, right, cur + '(', res);
if (right > 0) dfs(left, right - 1, cur + ')', res);
}
}
};
Java 解法一:
public class Solution {
public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
List<String> res = new ArrayList<String>();
helper(n, n, "", res);
return res;
}
void helper(int left, int right, String out, List<String> res) {
if (left < 0 || right < 0 || left > right) return;
if (left == 0 && right == 0) {
res.add(out);
return;
}
helper(left - 1, right, out + "(", res);
helper(left, right - 1, out + ")", res);
}
}
请点击下方图片观看讲解视频
Click below image to watch YouTube Video
Given
n
pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.Example 1:
Example 2:
Constraints:
1 <= n <= 8
在 LeetCode 中有关括号的题共有七道,除了这一道的另外六道是 Score of Parentheses,Valid Parenthesis String, Remove Invalid Parentheses,Different Ways to Add Parentheses,Valid Parentheses 和 Longest Valid Parentheses。这道题给定一个数字n,让生成共有n个括号的所有正确的形式,对于这种列出所有结果的题首先还是考虑用递归 Recursion 来解,由于字符串只有左括号和右括号两种字符,而且最终结果必定是左括号3个,右括号3个,所以这里定义两个变量 left 和 right 分别表示剩余左右括号的个数,如果在某次递归时,左括号的个数大于右括号的个数,说明此时生成的字符串中右括号的个数大于左括号的个数,即会出现 ')(' 这样的非法串,所以这种情况直接返回,不继续处理。如果 left 和 right 都为0,则说明此时生成的字符串已有3个左括号和3个右括号,且字符串合法,则存入结果中后返回。如果以上两种情况都不满足,若此时 left 大于0,则调用递归函数,注意参数的更新,若 right 大于0,则调用递归函数,同样要更新参数,参见代码如下:
C++ 解法一:
Java 解法一:
再来看那一种方法,这种方法是 CareerCup 书上给的方法,感觉也是满巧妙的一种方法,这种方法的思想是找左括号,每找到一个左括号,就在其后面加一个完整的括号,最后再在开头加一个 (),就形成了所有的情况,需要注意的是,有时候会出现重复的情况,所以用 HashSet 数据结构,好处是如果遇到重复项,不会加入到结果中,最后我们再把 HashSet 转为 vector 即可,参见代码如下::
n=1: ()
n=2: (()) ()()
n=3: (()()) ((())) ()(()) (())() ()()()
C++ 解法二:
Java 解法二:
Github 同步地址:
#22
类似题目:
Remove Invalid Parentheses
Different Ways to Add Parentheses
Longest Valid Parentheses
Valid Parentheses
Score of Parentheses
Valid Parenthesis String
Letter Combinations of a Phone Number
Check if a Parentheses String Can Be Valid
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/
https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/discuss/10127/An-iterative-method.
https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/discuss/10337/My-accepted-JAVA-solution
https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/discuss/10105/Concise-recursive-C%2B%2B-solution
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
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