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<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.3.353">
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<meta name="author" content="KyraGuy">
<title>Lab5</title>
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</head>
<body class="fullcontent">
<div id="quarto-content" class="page-columns page-rows-contents page-layout-article">
<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">
<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
<div class="quarto-title">
<h1 class="title">Lab5</h1>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta">
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Author</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p>KyraGuy </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<section id="section" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="section">1 & 2.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(data.table)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>
Attaching package: 'dplyr'</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>The following objects are masked from 'package:data.table':
between, first, last</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
filter, lag</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
intersect, setdiff, setequal, union</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dtplyr)</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">file.exists</span>(<span class="st">"met_all.gz"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">download.file</span>(</span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">url =</span> <span class="st">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/USCbiostats/data-science-data/master/02_met/met_all.gz"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">destfile =</span> <span class="st">"met_all.gz"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">method =</span> <span class="st">"libcurl"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">timeout =</span> <span class="dv">60</span></span>
<span id="cb6-9"><a href="#cb6-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb6-10"><a href="#cb6-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> met <span class="ot"><-</span> data.table<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">fread</span>(<span class="st">"met_all.gz"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-11"><a href="#cb6-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-12"><a href="#cb6-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Download the data</span></span>
<span id="cb6-13"><a href="#cb6-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">fread</span>(<span class="st">"ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/isd-history.csv"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-14"><a href="#cb6-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations[, USAF <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="fu">as.integer</span>(USAF)]</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in eval(jsub, SDenv, parent.frame()): NAs introduced by coercion</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Dealing with NAs and 999999</span></span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations[, USAF <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="fu">fifelse</span>(USAF <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="dv">999999</span>, <span class="cn">NA_integer_</span>, USAF)]</span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations[, CTRY <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="fu">fifelse</span>(CTRY <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">""</span>, <span class="cn">NA_character_</span>, CTRY)]</span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations[, STATE <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="fu">fifelse</span>(STATE <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">""</span>, <span class="cn">NA_character_</span>, STATE)]</span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Selecting the three relevant columns, and keeping unique records</span></span>
<span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">unique</span>(stations[, <span class="fu">list</span>(USAF, CTRY, STATE)])</span>
<span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Dropping NAs</span></span>
<span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations <span class="ot"><-</span> stations[<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(USAF)]</span>
<span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb8-12"><a href="#cb8-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Removing duplicates</span></span>
<span id="cb8-13"><a href="#cb8-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations[, n <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span>.N, by <span class="ot">=</span> .(USAF)]</span>
<span id="cb8-14"><a href="#cb8-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations <span class="ot"><-</span> stations[n <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="dv">1</span>,][, n <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>]</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="section-1" class="level1">
<h1>3.</h1>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">merge</span>(</span>
<span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Data</span></span>
<span id="cb9-3"><a href="#cb9-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">x =</span> met, </span>
<span id="cb9-4"><a href="#cb9-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> stations, </span>
<span id="cb9-5"><a href="#cb9-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># List of variables to match</span></span>
<span id="cb9-6"><a href="#cb9-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">by.x =</span> <span class="st">"USAFID"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb9-7"><a href="#cb9-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">by.y =</span> <span class="st">"USAF"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb9-8"><a href="#cb9-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Which obs to keep?</span></span>
<span id="cb9-9"><a href="#cb9-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">all.x =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, </span>
<span id="cb9-10"><a href="#cb9-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">all.y =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span></span>
<span id="cb9-11"><a href="#cb9-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">nrow</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] 2377343</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations[, n <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span>.N, by <span class="ot">=</span> .(USAF)]</span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stations <span class="ot"><-</span> stations[n <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="dv">1</span>,][, n <span class="sc">:</span><span class="er">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>]</span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>dat <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">merge</span>(</span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Data</span></span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">x =</span> met, </span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">y =</span> stations, </span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># List of variables to match</span></span>
<span id="cb11-9"><a href="#cb11-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">by.x =</span> <span class="st">"USAFID"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb11-10"><a href="#cb11-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">by.y =</span> <span class="st">"USAF"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb11-11"><a href="#cb11-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Which obs to keep?</span></span>
<span id="cb11-12"><a href="#cb11-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">all.x =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, </span>
<span id="cb11-13"><a href="#cb11-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">all.y =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span></span>
<span id="cb11-14"><a href="#cb11-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="question-1" class="level1">
<h1>Question 1</h1>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr)</span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(magrittr)</span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(leaflet)</span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> median_values <span class="ot"><-</span> dat <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(</span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Median_Temperature =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(temp, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb12-8"><a href="#cb12-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Median_Wind_Speed =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(wind.sp, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb12-9"><a href="#cb12-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Median_Atmospheric_Pressure =</span> <span class="fu">median</span>(atm.press, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb12-10"><a href="#cb12-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb12-11"><a href="#cb12-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb12-12"><a href="#cb12-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">print</span>(median_values)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> Median_Temperature Median_Wind_Speed Median_Atmospheric_Pressure
1 23.5 2.1 1014.1</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> closest_station <span class="ot"><-</span> dat <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(</span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">abs</span>(temp <span class="sc">-</span> median_values<span class="sc">$</span>Median_Temperature),</span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href="#cb14-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">abs</span>(wind.sp <span class="sc">-</span> median_values<span class="sc">$</span>Median_Wind_Speed),</span>
<span id="cb14-5"><a href="#cb14-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">abs</span>(atm.press <span class="sc">-</span> median_values<span class="sc">$</span>Median_Atmospheric_Pressure)</span>
<span id="cb14-6"><a href="#cb14-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb14-7"><a href="#cb14-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">slice</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>)</span>
<span id="cb14-8"><a href="#cb14-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">print</span>(closest_station)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> USAFID WBAN year month day hour min lat lon elev wind.dir wind.dir.qc
1: 722246 3844 2019 8 11 9 56 30.65 -86.523 59 280 1
wind.type.code wind.sp wind.sp.qc ceiling.ht ceiling.ht.qc ceiling.ht.method
1: N 2.1 1 22000 1 9
sky.cond vis.dist vis.dist.qc vis.var vis.var.qc temp temp.qc dew.point
1: N 16093 1 9 9 23.5 1 23.5
dew.point.qc atm.press atm.press.qc rh CTRY STATE
1: 1 1014.1 1 100 US FL</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>quantiles <span class="ot"><-</span> dat <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb16-2"><a href="#cb16-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(</span>
<span id="cb16-3"><a href="#cb16-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Median_Latitude =</span> <span class="fu">quantile</span>(lat, <span class="at">probs =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>),</span>
<span id="cb16-4"><a href="#cb16-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Median_Longitude =</span> <span class="fu">quantile</span>(lon, <span class="at">probs =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>)</span>
<span id="cb16-5"><a href="#cb16-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb16-6"><a href="#cb16-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-7"><a href="#cb16-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>representative_stations <span class="ot"><-</span> dat <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb16-8"><a href="#cb16-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(</span>
<span id="cb16-9"><a href="#cb16-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">abs</span>(lat <span class="sc">-</span> quantiles<span class="sc">$</span>Median_Latitude),</span>
<span id="cb16-10"><a href="#cb16-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">abs</span>(lon <span class="sc">-</span> quantiles<span class="sc">$</span>Median_Longitude)</span>
<span id="cb16-11"><a href="#cb16-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb16-12"><a href="#cb16-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">slice</span>(<span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">3</span>) </span>
<span id="cb16-13"><a href="#cb16-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-14"><a href="#cb16-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">print</span>(representative_stations)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> USAFID WBAN year month day hour min lat lon elev wind.dir wind.dir.qc
1: 720636 222 2019 8 1 0 15 38.35 -93.683 251 90 5
2: 720636 222 2019 8 1 0 35 38.35 -93.683 251 70 5
3: 720636 222 2019 8 1 0 55 38.35 -93.683 251 20 5
wind.type.code wind.sp wind.sp.qc ceiling.ht ceiling.ht.qc ceiling.ht.method
1: N 2.1 5 3353 5 M
2: N 2.1 5 3353 5 M
3: N 6.7 5 3353 5 M
sky.cond vis.dist vis.dist.qc vis.var vis.var.qc temp temp.qc dew.point
1: N 16093 5 N 5 24 5 20
2: N 16093 5 N 5 23 5 20
3: N 16093 5 N 5 23 5 20
dew.point.qc atm.press atm.press.qc rh CTRY STATE
1: 5 NA 9 78.41305 US MO
2: 5 NA 9 83.28225 US MO
3: 5 NA 9 83.28225 US MO</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>The median values are Temp (23.5), Wind Speed (2.1), and Atmospheric Pressure (1014.1). The median station is 722246 in FL. Stations in Montanna came up after looking at the quartiles.</p>
</section>
<section id="question-2" class="level1">
<h1>Question 2</h1>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>representative_stations <span class="ot"><-</span> dat <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(STATE) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb18-2"><a href="#cb18-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">euclidean =</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>((lat <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(lat))<span class="sc">^</span><span class="dv">2</span> <span class="sc">+</span> (lon <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(lon))<span class="sc">^</span><span class="dv">2</span>)) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(STATE, euclidean, lat) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">slice</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">select</span>(STATE, USAFID, lat, lon, euclidean)</span>
<span id="cb18-3"><a href="#cb18-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>representative_stations</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 48 × 5
# Groups: STATE [48]
STATE USAFID lat lon euclidean
<chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 AL 722300 33.2 -86.8 0.441
2 AR 723429 35.3 -93.1 0.411
3 AZ 723745 34.3 -111. 0.396
4 CA 723890 36.8 -120. 0.410
5 CO 726396 39.1 -106. 0.196
6 CT 725027 41.5 -72.8 0.114
7 DE 724088 39.1 -75.5 0.0284
8 FL 722014 28.5 -82.5 0.149
9 GA 722175 32.6 -83.6 0.270
10 IA 725466 41.7 -93.6 0.180
# ℹ 38 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p>The station chosen is USAFID 724420.</p>
</section>
<section id="question-3" class="level1">
<h1>Question 3</h1>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb20-1"><a href="#cb20-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> state_midpoint <span class="ot"><-</span> dat <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href="#cb20-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(STATE) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(</span>
<span id="cb20-3"><a href="#cb20-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Midpoint_Latitude =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(lat),</span>
<span id="cb20-4"><a href="#cb20-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Midpoint_Longitude =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(lon)</span>
<span id="cb20-5"><a href="#cb20-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb20-6"><a href="#cb20-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb20-7"><a href="#cb20-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> find_closeststation <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="cf">function</span>(point, stations) {</span>
<span id="cb20-8"><a href="#cb20-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> distances <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sqrt</span>((stations<span class="sc">$</span>lat <span class="sc">-</span> point<span class="sc">$</span>mid_lat)<span class="sc">^</span><span class="dv">2</span> <span class="sc">+</span> (stations<span class="sc">$</span>lon <span class="sc">-</span> point<span class="sc">$</span>mid_lon)<span class="sc">^</span><span class="dv">2</span>)</span>
<span id="cb20-9"><a href="#cb20-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> closeststation <span class="ot"><-</span> stations[<span class="fu">min</span>(distances), ]</span>
<span id="cb20-10"><a href="#cb20-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">return</span>(closeststation)}</span>
<span id="cb20-11"><a href="#cb20-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb20-12"><a href="#cb20-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> closest_stations <span class="ot"><-</span> state_midpoint <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">rowwise</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">do</span>(<span class="fu">find_closeststation</span>(., dat))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in min(distances): no non-missing arguments to min; returning Inf</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stderr">
<pre><code>Warning in `[.data.table`(stations, min(distances), ): NAs introduced by
coercion to integer range</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb117"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb117-1"><a href="#cb117-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> repandclosest <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">cbind</span>(state_midpoint, representative_stations) </span>
<span id="cb117-2"><a href="#cb117-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb117-3"><a href="#cb117-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>repandclosest</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> STATE Midpoint_Latitude Midpoint_Longitude STATE USAFID lat lon
1 AL 32.75554 -86.65318 AL 722300 33.177 -86.783
2 AR 35.18904 -92.68849 AR 723429 35.259 -93.093
3 AZ 33.91659 -111.54154 AZ 723745 34.257 -111.339
4 CA 36.50457 -120.03186 CA 723890 36.767 -119.717
5 CO 39.12441 -105.69753 CO 726396 39.050 -105.516
6 CT 41.48119 -72.71733 CT 725027 41.510 -72.828
7 DE 39.15950 -75.47708 DE 724088 39.133 -75.467
8 FL 28.33518 -82.39921 FL 722014 28.474 -82.454
9 GA 32.56718 -83.33168 GA 722175 32.640 -83.592
10 IA 41.85552 -93.49382 IA 725466 41.691 -93.566
11 ID 45.02638 -115.17229 ID 725864 44.890 -116.101
12 IL 40.22512 -88.81862 IL 724397 40.477 -88.916
13 IN 40.51988 -86.33665 IN 720961 40.711 -86.375
14 KS 38.32236 -97.96264 KS 724506 38.066 -97.861
15 KY 37.50187 -85.11900 KY 720448 37.578 -84.770
16 LA 30.51183 -91.71927 LA 720967 30.718 -91.479
17 MA 42.03785 -70.99897 MA 725068 41.876 -71.021
18 MD 39.06089 -76.82664 MD 722244 38.981 -76.922
19 ME 44.60213 -69.57403 ME 726073 44.533 -69.667
20 MI 43.41830 -84.69928 MI 725405 43.322 -84.688
21 MN 45.23699 -94.31785 MN 726583 45.147 -94.507
22 MO 38.28066 -92.75603 MO 724459 38.096 -92.553
23 MS 33.05395 -89.77502 MS 722350 32.321 -90.078
24 MT 45.81591 -108.98264 MT 726770 45.808 -108.543
25 NC 35.55578 -79.17800 NC 722201 35.582 -79.101
26 ND 47.75992 -100.08523 ND 720867 48.390 -100.024
27 NE 41.26627 -98.59109 NE 725520 40.967 -98.317
28 NH 43.54523 -71.55302 NH 726155 43.567 -71.433
29 NJ 40.31345 -74.47269 NJ 724090 40.033 -74.353
30 NM 34.30261 -105.89839 NM 722677 35.000 -105.670
31 NV 38.68753 -117.21082 NV 724855 38.060 -117.087
32 NY 42.40904 -75.50851 NY 725150 42.209 -75.980
33 OH 40.40494 -82.94026 OH 720928 40.280 -83.115
34 OK 35.55121 -97.15465 OK 723540 35.417 -97.383
35 OR 43.31317 -122.79527 OR 725975 42.600 -123.364
36 PA 40.62764 -77.62156 PA 725128 40.849 -77.849
37 RI 41.62342 -71.49612 RI 725074 41.597 -71.412
38 SC 33.92152 -80.79047 SC 723105 33.921 -80.801
39 SD 44.22241 -99.86385 SD 726560 44.381 -100.285
40 TN 35.70926 -86.55706 TN 723273 36.009 -86.520
41 TX 31.12371 -98.01178 TX 720647 31.106 -98.196
42 UT 39.38740 -112.33426 UT 725724 40.219 -111.723
43 VA 37.54765 -78.21585 VA 724017 37.358 -78.438
44 VT 44.35726 -72.58793 VT 726145 44.204 -72.562
45 WA 47.41976 -122.56157 WA 720388 47.104 -122.287
46 WI 44.46353 -89.93145 WI 726452 44.360 -89.839
47 WV 38.72488 -80.58560 WV 720328 39.000 -80.274
48 WY 42.72014 -108.18546 WY 726720 43.067 -108.450
euclidean
1 0.44100224
2 0.41051820
3 0.39610992
4 0.40988686
5 0.19618481
6 0.11435489
7 0.02835187
8 0.14923889
9 0.27031495
10 0.17965421
11 0.93867109
12 0.27004682
13 0.19492582
14 0.27577228
15 0.35720727
16 0.31660468
17 0.16333791
18 0.12439979
19 0.11585840
20 0.09696293
21 0.20946744
22 0.27444673
23 0.79310830
24 0.43971340
25 0.08133960
26 0.63304562
27 0.40581731
28 0.12197381
29 0.30491757
30 0.73383136
31 0.63962669
32 0.51217378
33 0.21480860
34 0.26486873
35 0.91217904
36 0.31737646
37 0.08816932
38 0.01053936
39 0.45002116
40 0.30202578
41 0.18507428
42 1.03208345
43 0.29209064
44 0.15544135
45 0.41844024
46 0.13879981
47 0.41567668
48 0.43622371</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb119"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb119-1"><a href="#cb119-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">leaflet</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> repandclosest) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb119-2"><a href="#cb119-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">addTiles</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb119-3"><a href="#cb119-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">addCircleMarkers</span>(</span>
<span id="cb119-4"><a href="#cb119-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">lng =</span> <span class="sc">~</span>lon,</span>
<span id="cb119-5"><a href="#cb119-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">lat =</span> <span class="sc">~</span>lat,</span>
<span id="cb119-6"><a href="#cb119-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">group =</span> <span class="st">'stations'</span>,</span>
<span id="cb119-7"><a href="#cb119-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fillColor =</span> ,</span>
<span id="cb119-8"><a href="#cb119-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">fillOpacity =</span> <span class="fl">0.7</span>,</span>
<span id="cb119-9"><a href="#cb119-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">radius =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="leaflet html-widget html-fill-item-overflow-hidden html-fill-item" id="htmlwidget-d7d13334263aad9af5b7" style="width:100%;height:464px;"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-d7d13334263aad9af5b7">{"x":{"options":{"crs":{"crsClass":"L.CRS.EPSG3857","code":null,"proj4def":null,"projectedBounds":null,"options":{}}},"calls":[{"method":"addTiles","args":["https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",null,null,{"minZoom":0,"maxZoom":18,"tileSize":256,"subdomains":"abc","errorTileUrl":"","tms":false,"noWrap":false,"zoomOffset":0,"zoomReverse":false,"opacity":1,"zIndex":1,"detectRetina":false,"attribution":"© <a href=\"https://openstreetmap.org/copyright/\">OpenStreetMap<\/a>, <a href=\"https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/\">ODbL<\/a>"}]},{"method":"addCircleMarkers","args":[[33.177,35.259,34.257,36.767,39.05,41.51,39.133,28.474,32.64,41.691,44.89,40.477,40.711,38.066,37.578,30.718,41.876,38.981,44.533,43.322,45.147,38.096,32.321,45.808,35.582,48.39,40.967,43.567,40.033,35,38.06,42.209,40.28,35.417,42.6,40.849,41.597,33.921,44.381,36.009,31.106,40.219,37.358,44.204,47.104,44.36,39,43.067],[-86.783,-93.093,-111.339,-119.717,-105.516,-72.828,-75.467,-82.45400000000001,-83.592,-93.566,-116.101,-88.916,-86.375,-97.861,-84.77,-91.479,-71.021,-76.922,-69.667,-84.688,-94.50700000000001,-92.553,-90.078,-108.543,-79.101,-100.024,-98.31700000000001,-71.43300000000001,-74.35300000000001,-105.67,-117.087,-75.98,-83.11499999999999,-97.383,-123.364,-77.849,-71.41200000000001,-80.801,-100.285,-86.52,-98.196,-111.723,-78.438,-72.562,-122.287,-89.839,-80.274,-108.45],3,null,"stations",{"interactive":true,"className":"","stroke":true,"color":"#03F","weight":5,"opacity":0.5,"fill":true,"fillColor":"#03F","fillOpacity":0.7},null,null,null,null,null,{"interactive":false,"permanent":false,"direction":"auto","opacity":1,"offset":[0,0],"textsize":"10px","textOnly":false,"className":"","sticky":true},null]}],"limits":{"lat":[28.474,48.39],"lng":[-123.364,-69.667]}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="question-4" class="level1">
<h1>Question 4</h1>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb120"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb120-1"><a href="#cb120-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>mean_values <span class="ot"><-</span> dat <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(STATE) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb120-2"><a href="#cb120-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(</span>
<span id="cb120-3"><a href="#cb120-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Mean_Temperature =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(temp, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb120-4"><a href="#cb120-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Mean_Wind_Speed =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(wind.sp, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb120-5"><a href="#cb120-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Mean_Atmospheric_Pressure =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(atm.press, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb120-6"><a href="#cb120-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb120-7"><a href="#cb120-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb120-8"><a href="#cb120-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb120-9"><a href="#cb120-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb120-10"><a href="#cb120-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">print</span>(mean_values)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 48 × 4
STATE Mean_Temperature Mean_Wind_Speed Mean_Atmospheric_Pressure
<chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 AL 26.2 1.57 1016.
2 AR 26.2 1.84 1015.
3 AZ 28.8 2.98 1011.
4 CA 22.4 2.61 1013.
5 CO 19.5 3.08 1014.
6 CT 22.3 2.19 1015.
7 DE 24.6 2.76 1015.
8 FL 27.5 2.50 1015.
9 GA 26.5 1.51 1015.
10 IA 21.3 2.57 1015.
# ℹ 38 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb122"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb122-1"><a href="#cb122-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>mean_values <span class="ot"><-</span> mean_values <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb122-2"><a href="#cb122-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">categorical =</span> <span class="fu">cut</span>(</span>
<span id="cb122-3"><a href="#cb122-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> Mean_Temperature,</span>
<span id="cb122-4"><a href="#cb122-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">breaks =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="fl">18.1668</span>, <span class="dv">20</span>, <span class="dv">25</span>, <span class="fl">29.59743</span>),</span>
<span id="cb122-5"><a href="#cb122-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">right =</span> F,</span>
<span id="cb122-6"><a href="#cb122-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">labels =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"low temp"</span>, <span class="st">"mid temp"</span>, <span class="st">"high temp"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb122-7"><a href="#cb122-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">ordered_result =</span> F))</span>
<span id="cb122-8"><a href="#cb122-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb122-9"><a href="#cb122-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>summaries <span class="ot"><-</span> mean_values <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(categorical) <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">number_entries =</span> <span class="fu">n</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb122-10"><a href="#cb122-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Avg_Temperature =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(Mean_Temperature, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb122-11"><a href="#cb122-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Avg_Wind_Speed =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(Mean_Wind_Speed, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>),</span>
<span id="cb122-12"><a href="#cb122-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">Avg_Atmospheric_Pressure =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(Mean_Atmospheric_Pressure, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>))</span>
<span id="cb122-13"><a href="#cb122-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb122-14"><a href="#cb122-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>summaries</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 3 × 5
categorical number_entries Avg_Temperature Avg_Wind_Speed
<fct> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
1 low temp 11 18.7 2.55
2 mid temp 25 22.6 2.39
3 high temp 12 27.0 2.43
# ℹ 1 more variable: Avg_Atmospheric_Pressure <dbl></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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}
const clipboard = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button', {
text: function(trigger) {
const codeEl = trigger.previousElementSibling.cloneNode(true);
for (const childEl of codeEl.children) {
if (isCodeAnnotation(childEl)) {
childEl.remove();
}
}
return codeEl.innerText;
}
});
clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
// button target
const button = e.trigger;
// don't keep focus
button.blur();
// flash "checked"
button.classList.add('code-copy-button-checked');
var currentTitle = button.getAttribute("title");
button.setAttribute("title", "Copied!");
let tooltip;
if (window.bootstrap) {
button.setAttribute("data-bs-toggle", "tooltip");
button.setAttribute("data-bs-placement", "left");
button.setAttribute("data-bs-title", "Copied!");
tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(button,
{ trigger: "manual",
customClass: "code-copy-button-tooltip",
offset: [0, -8]});
tooltip.show();
}
setTimeout(function() {
if (tooltip) {
tooltip.hide();
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-title");
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-toggle");
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-placement");
}
button.setAttribute("title", currentTitle);
button.classList.remove('code-copy-button-checked');
}, 1000);
// clear code selection
e.clearSelection();
});
function tippyHover(el, contentFn) {
const config = {
allowHTML: true,
content: contentFn,
maxWidth: 500,
delay: 100,
arrow: false,
appendTo: function(el) {
return el.parentElement;
},
interactive: true,
interactiveBorder: 10,
theme: 'quarto',
placement: 'bottom-start'
};
window.tippy(el, config);
}
const noterefs = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[role="doc-noteref"]');
for (var i=0; i<noterefs.length; i++) {
const ref = noterefs[i];
tippyHover(ref, function() {
// use id or data attribute instead here
let href = ref.getAttribute('data-footnote-href') || ref.getAttribute('href');
try { href = new URL(href).hash; } catch {}
const id = href.replace(/^#\/?/, "");
const note = window.document.getElementById(id);
return note.innerHTML;
});
}
let selectedAnnoteEl;
const selectorForAnnotation = ( cell, annotation) => {
let cellAttr = 'data-code-cell="' + cell + '"';
let lineAttr = 'data-code-annotation="' + annotation + '"';
const selector = 'span[' + cellAttr + '][' + lineAttr + ']';
return selector;
}
const selectCodeLines = (annoteEl) => {
const doc = window.document;
const targetCell = annoteEl.getAttribute("data-target-cell");
const targetAnnotation = annoteEl.getAttribute("data-target-annotation");
const annoteSpan = window.document.querySelector(selectorForAnnotation(targetCell, targetAnnotation));
const lines = annoteSpan.getAttribute("data-code-lines").split(",");
const lineIds = lines.map((line) => {
return targetCell + "-" + line;
})
let top = null;
let height = null;
let parent = null;
if (lineIds.length > 0) {
//compute the position of the single el (top and bottom and make a div)
const el = window.document.getElementById(lineIds[0]);
top = el.offsetTop;
height = el.offsetHeight;
parent = el.parentElement.parentElement;
if (lineIds.length > 1) {
const lastEl = window.document.getElementById(lineIds[lineIds.length - 1]);
const bottom = lastEl.offsetTop + lastEl.offsetHeight;
height = bottom - top;
}
if (top !== null && height !== null && parent !== null) {
// cook up a div (if necessary) and position it
let div = window.document.getElementById("code-annotation-line-highlight");
if (div === null) {
div = window.document.createElement("div");
div.setAttribute("id", "code-annotation-line-highlight");
div.style.position = 'absolute';
parent.appendChild(div);
}
div.style.top = top - 2 + "px";
div.style.height = height + 4 + "px";
let gutterDiv = window.document.getElementById("code-annotation-line-highlight-gutter");
if (gutterDiv === null) {
gutterDiv = window.document.createElement("div");
gutterDiv.setAttribute("id", "code-annotation-line-highlight-gutter");
gutterDiv.style.position = 'absolute';
const codeCell = window.document.getElementById(targetCell);
const gutter = codeCell.querySelector('.code-annotation-gutter');
gutter.appendChild(gutterDiv);
}
gutterDiv.style.top = top - 2 + "px";
gutterDiv.style.height = height + 4 + "px";
}
selectedAnnoteEl = annoteEl;
}
};
const unselectCodeLines = () => {
const elementsIds = ["code-annotation-line-highlight", "code-annotation-line-highlight-gutter"];
elementsIds.forEach((elId) => {
const div = window.document.getElementById(elId);
if (div) {
div.remove();
}
});
selectedAnnoteEl = undefined;
};