Test: Additional build flags when building a container image

[chrmarti]

Refs: #3545

• anyOS @TylerLeonhardt
• anyOS @alexr00

Complexity: 4

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Dev Containers now supports building the container image with additional Docker CLI options.

Please test:

• Use the latest version of the Dev Containers extension (currently 0.333.0-pre-release).
• Use a Dev Container config with a Dockerfile, e.g.:
  • .devcontainer/devcontainer.json:

{
	"build": {
		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
		"options": [
			// add options here
		]
	}
}

• .devcontainer/Dockerfile:

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/typescript-node:1-20-bookworm

• Add some build options (see https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/image_build/). E.g., adding a label: "--label", "testbuildoption=success".
• Reopen the folder in the dev container.
• Verify the the build options are applied. E.g., by inspecting the log (F1 > Dev Containers: Show Container Log) or to verify the label was added you can inspect the image or container (which inherits the label) using the Docker CLI (docker inspect <image / container id>) or Docker extension (Inspect in container's context menu).

[alexr00]

@chrmarti I'm blocked on #9424

[TylerLeonhardt]

Seems to be working! I added tag and it was reflected in Docker Desktop