const <NAME> (x ->) - takes off the top of the stack and defines new word <NAME>.
When evaluated <NAME> will always result in x.
: <NAME> ... ;
var <NAME> (x ->) - defines new variable with initial value x.
literal (x ->) - takes the top of the stack and compiles its value as literal into current word definition.
! (x v' ->) stores x at the address of v. Works for var/: definitions interchangeably.
@ (v' -> x) loads value of v. Works for const/var/: definitions interchangeably.
Words that starts from '' are indended to be used during development
(or debugging). You should rarely need to use them outside of repl.
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
\c |
( ... ->) |
clears the stack |
\i |
( ->) |
prints info about current niko status |
\mem |
( ->) |
prints detailed memory usage information |
\s |
( ->) |
prints every stack item |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
drop |
(x ->) |
removes top item from the stack |
nip |
(x y -> y) |
drops the second item on the stack |
dup |
(x -> x x) |
duplicates top entry of the stack |
over |
(x y -> x y x) |
places a copy of the second item on top of the stack |
rot |
(x y z -> z x y) |
rotates top three items on the stack |
swap |
(x y -> y x) |
exchanges top to items of the stack |
tuck |
(x y -> y x y) |
places a copy of the top of the stack below the second item |
pick |
( n -> x) |
places a copy of n-th element on top of the stack. 0 pick equals dup |
2drop |
(x y ->) |
|
2dup |
(x y -> x y x y) |
|
2swap |
(x1 x2 y1 y2 -> y1 y2 x1 x2) |
|
2over |
(x1 x2 y1 y2 -> x1 x2 y1 y2 x1 x2) |
|
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
zeros |
( s -> x) |
creates array with shape s filled with zeros |
ones |
( s -> x) |
creates array with shape s filled with ones |
index |
( s -> x) |
creates array with shape s filled values from 0 to the length-1 |
cat |
(... s -> x) |
creates array of shape s out of preceding stack items |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
len |
(x -> n) |
replaces top array with total number of its elements |
shape |
(x -> x) |
replaces top array with 1-d array of its shape |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
tail |
(x -> y) |
removes one element from x |
take |
(x s -> y) |
takes x according to the shape s repeating or truncating if necessary |
reverse |
(x -> y) |
reverses all values in the array x keeping its shape |
repeat |
(x n -> y) |
repeat cells of x according to values of n |
split |
(x y -> z) |
splits x using content of y as delimiter |
flip |
(x -> y) |
flips array of rows to array of columns |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
abs |
(x -> y) |
replaces array with new array of the same type and shape with absolute values |
neg |
(x -> y) |
replaces array with new array of the same type and shape with negative values |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
c8 |
(x -> y) |
converts array to c8 type |
i64 |
(x -> y) |
converts array to i64 type |
f64 |
(x -> y) |
converts array to f64 type |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
acos |
(x->y) |
|
acosh |
(x->y) |
|
asin |
(x->y) |
|
asinh |
(x->y) |
|
atan |
(x->y) |
|
atanh |
(x->y) |
|
cbrt |
(x->y) |
|
ceil |
(x->y) |
|
cos |
(x->y) |
|
cosh |
(x->y) |
|
erf |
(x->y) |
|
exp |
(x->y) |
|
floor |
(x->y) |
|
j0 |
(x->y) |
|
j1 |
(x->y) |
|
y0 |
(x->y) |
|
y1 |
(x->y) |
|
lgamma |
(x->y) |
|
log |
(x->y) |
|
log10 |
(x->y) |
|
log1p |
(x->y) |
|
log2 |
(x->y) |
|
sin |
(x->y) |
|
sinh |
(x->y) |
|
sqrt |
(x->y) |
|
tan |
(x->y) |
|
tanh |
(x->y) |
|
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
+ |
(x y -> z) |
addition |
- |
(x y -> z) |
subtraction |
* |
(x y -> z) |
multiplication |
/ |
(x y -> z) |
division |
div |
(x y -> z) |
division quotient |
mod |
(x y -> z) |
divisin remainder |
&, min |
(x y -> z) |
min |
| ` |
,max` |
(x y -> z) |
= |
(x y -> b) |
equal comparison |
< |
(x y -> b) |
less comparison |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
sum |
(x -> y) |
sums all elements in x keeping only the result |
sums |
(x -> y) |
sums all elements in x organizing intermediate results in shape of x |
deltas |
(x -> y) |
computes deltas between consequent elements of x, leaving first element unchanged |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
,fold |
(x op' -> y) |
,fold cells of rank 0 using op |
,scan |
(x op' -> y) |
,fold cells of rank 0 using op organizing all intermediate results in x's shape |
,apply |
(x r op' -> y) |
applies op to cells of rank 0 organizing results into x's shape |
,power |
(x n op' -> y) |
applies op n times to x |
,collect |
(n op' -> y) |
run op n times then drop top and cat top n stack items |
,trace |
(x s op' -> y) |
applies op multiple times to x and organizes intermediate results into s shape |
,pairwise |
(x op' -> y) |
applies op to consequent pais of x leaving first element unchanged |
| Word |
Signature |
Description |
. |
(x ->) |
printlns x |
load_text |
(x -> y) |
loads file with the name x |
| Word |
Description |
E |
base of natural logarithm |
LOG2E |
base 2 logarithm of E |
LOG10E |
base 10 logarithm of E |
LN2 |
natural logarithm of 2 |
LN10 |
natural logarithm of 10 |
PI |
Pi, the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter |
PI/2 |
PI/2 |
PI/4 |
PI/4 |
1/PI |
1/PI |
2/PI |
2/PI |