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            <a class="dropdown-item" href="thesis.html">Thesis Revealing the Origin</a>
            <a class="dropdown-item" href="facing.html">FACING</a>
            <a class="dropdown-item" href="PosterPolymers.pdf">Profiling dispersion devices</a>
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            <a class="dropdown-item" href="PosterFentanyl.pdf" target="_blank">Blood reveals origin</a>
            <a class="dropdown-item" href="fentanyl.html">Fentanyl profiling in blood</a>
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            <a class="dropdown-item" href="banknotes.pdf" target="_blank">Authenticity features banknotes</a>
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          <h1>Welcome</h1>
          <p>Apart from working as a forensic analytical scientist, I love playing sports and making creative products. I recently obtained my doctorate at the University of Amsterdam. 
            The PhD research focused on the development of new forensic techniques for revealing the origin of chemical weapons. Currently, I continue with this research in a broader 
            context as a scientist at TNO in the department of CBRN protection.</p>
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          <h1>Projects</h1>
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        <div class="item"><a href="thesis.html"><img class="img-thumbnail"
              src="images/Thesis.png"
              alt="Cover thesis 'Revealing the Origin of Chemical Weapons'" />
            <p>Thesis: Revealing the Origin of Chemical Weapons</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="facing.html"><img class="img-thumbnail"
              src="images/mirjam-de-bruin-hoegee-performing-chemical-analysis-in-lab.jpg"
              alt="chemical analysis in lab" />
            <p>FACING</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="PosterPolymers.pdf"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/IED.jpg"
              alt="Forensic profiling of plastic chemical dispersion devices" />
            <p>Profiling dispersion devices</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="dispersion.html"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/dispersion.jpg"
              alt="drone spraying chemicals" />
            <p>Chemical Dispersion Devices</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="PosterPlants.pdf"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/Plant_poster.png"
              alt="Finding evidence of chemical weapons use in plants" />
            <p>Plant biomarkers</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="plant.html"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/Plant.png"
              alt="Verification of chemical attack using plants" />
            <p>Plant biomarkers</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="PosterChlorine.pdf"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/CartoonChlorine.PNG"
              alt="Chlorine biomarkers" />
            <p>Chlorine biomarkers</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="PosterFentanyl.pdf"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/CartoonFentanyl.PNG"
              alt="Blood reveals origin" />
            <p>Blood reveals origin</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="fentanyl.html"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/fentanyl.jpg"
              alt="fentanyl in blood" />
            <p>Fentanyl profiling in blood</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="profiling.html"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/CWA - square.jpg"
              alt="toxic chemicals" />
            <p>CWA Profiling</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="opioids.html"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/Blood.jpg"
              alt="laboratory blood analysis" />
            <p>Profiling after opioid poisoning</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="bloodspots.html"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/Science.jpg"
              alt="Investigation of chemical weapons use in Syria" />
            <p>Profiling in dried blood spots</p>
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              alt="aerosol" />
            <p>Inhalation Threat Aerosols</p>
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            <p>Chemical Aerosol Research</p>
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              alt="lab" />
            <p>Contact Transfer Risk Fentanyl</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="decontamination.html"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/tic-square.jpg"
              alt="cbrn decontamination" />
            <p>Decontamination Fentanyl and TICs</p>
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        <div class="item"><a href="banknotes.pdf"><img class="img-thumbnail" src="images/5euro-square.jpg"
              alt="5 euro banknote" />
            <p>Authenticity Features Euro Banknotes</p>
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        style="margin-top: -64px; padding-top:64px;">
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          <h1>About me</h1>
        </div>
        <div class="col-12 col-sm-9 align-self-center">
          <p>I have always been interested in learning how things work. When I did my bachelor chemistry, I was amazed
            to understand nature and products to the molecular level. After my bachelor I chose to do the master
            Forensic Science. Forensic Science is the application of science in a legal context. For example, scientific
            innovations contribute to protecting people and lead to new evidence in court. This was for me the perfect
            combination of science and helping to make the world better. I know it sounds ambitious, but small changes
            can make a big difference.</p>
          <blockquote class="blockquote">"Forensic Science: Applying science in a legal context"</blockquote>
          <p>At the end of my master I did my internship and thesis at TNO in the department CBRN (chemical, biological,
            radiological and nuclear) protection. My research was about the determination of the contact risk of toxic
            industrial chemicals and the opioid fentanyl. After the master I got a job as a scientist in the same
            department in the TNO unit defence, safety and security.</p>
          <p>As a physical chemical analytical scientist, I worked in the field of aerosol research and analytical
            chemistry. Chemicals can be released as an aerosol and these small particles in the air can cause health
            effects. Think about soot particles and smoke that contribute to air pollution. However, there are also
            highly toxic chemicals that cause immediate health effects. I studied the characteristics of aerosols and
            the detection and protection against it.</p>
          <p>After this, I wanted to start with something new. Together with the University of Amsterdam and TNO, I wrote 
            a proposal for PhD research about Forensic Attribution for CWA INtelliGence (FACING). After an incident with 
            chemical warfare agents (CWAs), it is important to address the question of its origin to accurately reconstruct 
            events and find the persons and institutions responsible. Forensic chemical attribution can help to answer this 
            question. The proposal was granted by the TNO DO-AIO fund of the Dutch Ministry of Defence and the research was 
            performed at both the University of Amsterdam and TNO. Main topics included chemical attribution for forensic 
            intelligence, profiling in biological samples, and characterization of dispersion devices. Several projects of 
            my PhD are highlighted on this website, and more information can be found in my thesis, which can be downloaded 
            as well. On the 12th of June 2024, I successfully defended my PhD thesis, and I am grateful for receiving the 
            doctorate with distinction ‘cum laude’.</p>
          <blockquote class="blockquote">“After an incident with chemical warfare agents, it is important to address the
            question of its origin to accurately reconstruct events and find the persons and institutions responsible.”
          </blockquote>
          <p>Currently, I work as a scientist at TNO in the department of CBRN protection, which focuses on protection against 
            highly toxic chemical and biological compounds. Important research areas include the verification of exposure to 
            chemical warfare agents using novel chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques together with machine learning methods.</p>
        </div>
        <div class="col-6 col-sm-3"><img src="images/about-me.jpg" class="img-fluid" /></div>
      </div>

      <div class="row justify-content-center justify-content-sm-left" id="publications"
        style="margin-top: -64px; padding-top:64px;">
        <div class="col-12">
          <h1>Publications</h1>
        </div>        
        <div class="col-12 align-self-center">
          <blockquote class="blockquote">2024</blockquote>
          <ol start="14" reversed style="font-size: 14px;">
            <li>Vangerven, D.*, <strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>*, Kerstens, F., Kerklaan, M., Bross, R.P.T., Fidder, A., van der Schans, M.J., Noort, D., van Asten, A.C. (2024).
              Post-metabolism impurity profiling of carfentanil, remifentanil, sufentanil, and benzylfentanyl.
              <i>Forensic Chemistry</i>, 40, [100587]. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2024.100587"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2024.100587</a></li>
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, van der Schans, M.J., Langenberg, J.P., van Asten, A.C. (2024).
              Biomarker profiling in plants to distinguish between exposure to chlorine gas and bleach using LC-HRMS/MS and chemometrics.
              <i>Forensic Science International</i>, 358, [112022]. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112022"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112022</a></li>
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Corzo, R., Zoon, P.D., Vergeer, P., Schoorl, J., van der Schans, M.J., Noort, D., van Asten, A.C. (2024).
              Evaluating the strength of evidence of elemental profiling of polymers with LA-ICP-MS.
              <i>Forensic Chemistry</i>, 38, [100570]. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2024.100570"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2024.100570</a></li>
            <li>Durán Jiménez, D., Venema, T., <strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Alkema, D. P. W., Busker, R. W., van Wuijckhuijse, A. L. (2024). 
              CHART: a novel system for detector evaluation against toxic chemical aerosols.
              <i>Scientific Reports</i>, 14, [1050]. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50718-9"
                target="_blank">10.1038/s41598-023-50718-9</a></li>
            </li>
          </ol>
          <blockquote class="blockquote">2023</blockquote>
          <ol start="10" reversed style="font-size: 14px;">  
            <li>Säde, S., Delaporte, G., Fraga, C. G., Hakulinen, H., Höjer Holmgren, K., Spiandore, M., Åstot, C.,
              Akmeemana, A., <strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Doward, J., Jacques, K., Kesah, S. A., See, S.,
              Thomson, S., Flinck, J., Kalliovirta, L., & Vanninen, P. (2023). Interlaboratory development and
              proposition for a new quality control sample for chemical forensics analysis of chemical warfare agents.
              <i>Talanta Open</i>, 8, [100249]. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2023.100249"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2023.100249</a></li>
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Fidder, A., van Groningen, T., van der Schans, M. J., Noort, D., van Asten, A. C. (2023). On-site detection and laboratory
              verification of the presence of nerve agent biomarkers using dried blood spots. <i>Forensic Chemistry</i>,
              35, 100526. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100526"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100526</a></li>
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Schoorl, J., Zoon, P., van der Schans, M. J., Noort, D., & van
              Asten, A. C. (2023). A novel standard for forensic elemental profiling of polymers by LA-ICP-TOF-MS.
              <i>Forensic Chemistry</i>, 35, [100515]. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100515"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100515</a></li>
            <li>Höjer Holmgren, K., Hakulinen, H., Norlin, R., <strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Spiandore, M., Qi
              Shu See, S., Webster, R., Jacques, K., Mauravaara, L., Hwi Ang, L., Evans, C., Ovenden, S., Noort, D.,
              Delaporte, G., Dahlén, J., Fraga, C., Vanninen, P., & Åstot, C. (2023). Interlaboratory comparison study
              of a chemical profiling method for methylphosphonic dichloride, a nerve agent precursor. <i>Forensic
                Chemistry</i>, 33. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100473"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2023.100473</a></li>
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Alkema, D. P. W., Busker, R. W., Joosen, M. J. A., van Wuijckhuijse, A. L. (2023). Real-time characterization of chemical threat agent
              aerosols for improvement of inhalation studies. <i>Inhalation Toxicology</i>, 35 (9-10), 254–265. <a
                href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2023.2254323"
                target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2023.2254323</a></li>
            </li>
          </ol>
          <blockquote class="blockquote">2022</blockquote>
          <ol start="5" reversed style="font-size: 14px;">
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, van Asten, A. C., Lamriti, L., Langenberg, J., Olivier, R., Chau,
              L. F., van der Schans, M., & Noort, D. (2022). Verification of exposure to chemical warfare agents through
              analysis of persistent biomarkers in plants. <i>Analytical Methods</i>, 15, 142-153. <a
                href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AY01650H" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AY01650H</a></li>
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, van Damme, I. M., van Groningen, T., van der Riet-van Oeveren, D.,
              Noort, D., & van Asten, A. C. (2022). Elucidation of in Vitro Chlorinated Tyrosine Adducts in Blood Plasma
              as Selective Biomarkers of Chlorine Exposure. <i>Chemical research in toxicology</i>, 35 (6), 1070–1079 <a
                href=" https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00053" target="_blank">
                https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00053</a></li>
          </ol>
          <blockquote class="blockquote">2021</blockquote>
          <ol start="3" reversed style="font-size: 14px;">
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, Kleiweg, D., Noort, D., & van Asten, A. C. (2021). Chemical
              attribution of
              fentanyl: The effect of human metabolism. <i>Forensic Chemistry</i>, 24, [100330]. <a
                href=" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100330" target="_blank">
                https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2021.100330</a></li>
          </ol>
          <blockquote class="blockquote">2020</blockquote>
          <ol start="2" reversed style="font-size: 14px;">
            <li>Verheij, E. R., Joosen, M. J. A., Cochrane, L., <strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, & de Koning, M. C.
              (2020).
              Decontamination of Toxic Industrial Chemicals and Fentanyl by Application of the RSDL® Kit. <i>Journal of
                special operations medicine</i>, 20 (1), 55-59. <a href=" https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32203607"
                target="_blank"> https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32203607</a></li>
            <li><strong>de Bruin-Hoegée, M.</strong>, de Koning, M. C., Cochrane, L., & Joosen, M. J. A. (2020). Contact
              transfer risk
              from fentanyl-contaminated RSDL® Kit. <i>Toxicology Letters</i>, 319, 237-241. <a
                href=" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.013" target="_blank">
                https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.013</a></li>
          </ol>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="row justify-content-center justify-content-sm-left" id="publications"
        style="margin-top: -64px; padding-top:64px;">
        <div class="col-12">
          <h1>Press releases</h1>
        </div>
        <div class="col-12 align-self-center">
          <ul start="10" reversed style="font-size: 14px;">
            <li>Planten kunnen bewijs leveren voor chemische aanval: ons werk moet afschrikwekkend effect hebben (2024-06-24), <a
                href="https://www.telegraaf.nl/lifestyle/2018609374/planten-kunnen-bewijs-leveren-voor-chemische-aanval-ons-werk-moet-afschrikwekkend-effect-hebben"
                target="_blank">De Telegraaf</a></li>
            <li>Dutch researchers find way to identify chemical weapon use with plants (2024-06-18), <a
                href="https://nltimes.nl/2024/06/18/dutch-researchers-find-way-identify-chemical-weapon-use-plants"
                target="_blank">NL Times</a></li>
            <li>Planten nuttig voor onderzoek naar chemische wapenaanvallen (2024-06-18), <a
                href="https://www.newsworld.app/nl/planten-nuttig-voor-onderzoek-naar-chemische-wapenaanvallen-20240618"
                target="_blank">NewsWorld</a></li>
            <li>Planten blijken behulpzaam voor onderzoekers chemische wapenaanval (2024-06-18), <a
                href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2525076-planten-blijken-behulpzaam-voor-onderzoekers-chemische-wapenaanval"
                target="_blank">NOS</a></li>
            <li>In planten op zoek naar de sporen van gifgas (2024-06-18), <a
                href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/06/17/in-planten-op-zoek-naar-de-sporen-van-gifgas-a4856690"
                target="_blank">NRC</a></li>
            <li>Cum Laude doctorate for Mirjam de Bruin – Hoegée (2024-06-17), <a
                href="https://hims.uva.nl/content/news/2024/06/cum-laude-doctorate-for-mirjam-de-bruin---hoegee.html"
                target="_blank">UvA</a></li>
            <li>Nieuw forensisch onderzoek onthult de ‘vingerafdruk’ van chemische wapens (2024-05-22), <a
                href="https://www.tno.nl/nl/newsroom/insights/2024/05/forensisch-onderzoek-chemische-wapens/"
                target="_blank">TNO</a></li>
            <li>Plastic kan bewijsmateriaal zijn in moordzaak, bewijst UvA-promovendus (2024-04-12), <a
                href="https://www.folia.nl/nl/wetenschap/161602/plastic-kan-bewijsmateriaal-zijn-in-moordzaak-bewijst-uva-promovendus"
                target="_blank">Folia</a></li>
            <li>Oude bloedvlek spreekt boekdelen (2023-10-30), <a
                href="https://www.sciencelink.net/nieuws/oude-bloedvlek-spreekt-boekdelen/21614.article"
                target="_blank">C2W</a></li>
            <li>I sing the body fentanyl (2023-06-01), <a
                href="https://hims.uva.nl/binaries/content/assets/subsites/van-t-hoff-institute-for-molecular-sciences/cbrne-june-2023-51-i-sing-the-body-fentanyl.pdf"
                target="_blank">CBRNe World</a></li>
            <li>UvA-promovenda: Bewijs van chemische aanval terug te
              vinden in
              planteneiwitten (2023-02-10), <a
                href="https://www.folia.nl/wetenschap/155513/uva-promovenda-bewijs-van-chemische-aanval-terug-te-vinden-in-planteneiwitten#:~:text='Het%20chemische%20wapen%20trekt%20in,is%20nog%20niet%20eerder%20aangetoond."
                target="_blank">Folia</a></li>
            <li>Plants take up chemical weapons (2023-02-03), <a
                href="https://www.sciencelink.net/news/plants-take-up-chemical-weapons/21048.article"
                target="_blank">C2W</a></li>
            <li>NFI Science Fair: studenten en promovendi van grote waarde voor forensische innovaties (2022-07-05), <a
                href="https://www.forensischinstituut.nl/actueel/nieuws/2022/07/05/nfi-science-fair"
                target="_blank">NFI</a></li>
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