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An `if` expression is a conditional branch in program control.
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The syntax of an `if` expression is a condition operand, followed by a consequent block, any number of `else if` conditions and blocks, and an optional trailing `else` block.
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The condition operands must have the [boolean type].
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If a condition operand evaluates to `true`, the consequent block is executed and any subsequent `else if` or `else` block is skipped.
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If a condition operand evaluates to `false`, the consequent block is skipped and any subsequent `else if` condition is evaluated.
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The syntax of an `if` expression is a sequence of one or more condition operands separated by `&&`,
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followed by a consequent block, any number of `else if` conditions and blocks, and an optional trailing `else` block.
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Condition operands must be either an [_Expression_] with a [boolean type] or a conditional `let` match.
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If all of the condition operands evaluate to `true` and all of the `let` patterns successfully match their [scrutinee]s,
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the consequent block is executed and any subsequent `else if` or `else` block is skipped.
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If any condition operand evaluates to `false` or any `let` pattern does not match its scrutinee,
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the consequent block is skipped and any subsequent `else if` condition is evaluated.
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If all `if` and `else if` conditions evaluate to `false` then any `else` block is executed.
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An if expression evaluates to the same value as the executed block, or `()` if no block is evaluated.
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An `if` expression evaluates to the same value as the executed block, or `()` if no block is evaluated.
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An `if` expression must have the same type in all situations.
An `if let` expression is semantically similar to an `if` expression but in place of a condition operand it expects the keyword `let` followed by a pattern, an `=` and a [scrutinee] operand.
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If the value of the scrutinee matches the pattern, the corresponding block will execute.
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Otherwise, flow proceeds to the following `else` block if it exists.
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Like `if` expressions, `if let` expressions have a value determined by the block that is evaluated.
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`let` patterns in an `if` condition allow binding new variables into scope when the pattern matches successfully.
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The following examples illustrate bindings using `let` patterns:
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```rust
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letdish= ("Ham", "Eggs");
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//this body will be skipped because the pattern is refuted
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//This body will be skipped because the pattern is refuted.
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iflet ("Bacon", b) =dish {
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println!("Bacon is served with {}", b);
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} else {
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// This block is evaluated instead.
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println!("No bacon will be served");
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}
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//this body will execute
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//This body will execute.
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iflet ("Ham", b) =dish {
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println!("Ham is served with {}", b);
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}
@@ -74,44 +73,8 @@ if let _ = 5 {
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}
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```
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`if` and `if let` expressions can be intermixed:
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```rust
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letx=Some(3);
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leta=ifletSome(1) =x {
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1
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} elseifx==Some(2) {
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2
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} elseifletSome(y) =x {
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y
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} else {
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-1
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};
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assert_eq!(a, 3);
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```
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An `if let` expression is equivalent to a [`match` expression] as follows:
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<!-- ignore: expansion example -->
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```rust,ignore
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if let PATS = EXPR {
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/* body */
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} else {
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/*else */
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}
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```
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is equivalent to
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<!-- ignore: expansion example -->
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```rust,ignore
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match EXPR {
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PATS => { /* body */ },
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_ => { /* else */ }, // () if there is no else
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}
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```
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Multiple patterns may be specified with the `|` operator. This has the same semantics as with `|` in `match` expressions:
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Multiple patterns may be specified with the `|` operator.
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This has the same semantics as with `|` in [`match` expressions]:
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```rust
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enumE {
@@ -125,31 +88,62 @@ if let E::X(n) | E::Y(n) = v {
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}
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```
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The expression cannot be a [lazy boolean operator expression][_LazyBooleanOperatorExpression_].
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Use of a lazy boolean operator is ambiguous with a planned feature change of the language (the implementation of if-let chains - see [eRFC 2947][_eRFCIfLetChain_]).
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When lazy boolean operator expression is desired, this can be achieved by using parenthesis as below:
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## Chains of conditions
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Multiple condition operands can be separated with `&&`.
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Similar to a `&&`[_LazyBooleanOperatorExpression_], each operand is evaluated from left-to-right until an operand evaluates as `false` or a `let` match fails,
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in which case the subsequent operands are not evaluated.
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The bindings of each pattern are put into scope to be available for the next condition operand and the consequent block.
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The following is an example of chaining multiple expressions, mixing `let` bindings and boolean expressions, and with expressions able to reference pattern bindings from previous expressions:
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```rust
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fnsingle() {
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letouter_opt=Some(Some(1i32));
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ifletSome(inner_opt) =outer_opt
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&&letSome(number) =inner_opt
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&&number==1
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{
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println!("Peek a boo");
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}
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}
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```
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<!-- ignore: psuedo code -->
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```rust,ignore
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// Before...
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if let PAT = EXPR && EXPR { .. }
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The above is equivalent to the following without using chains of conditions:
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// After...
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if let PAT = ( EXPR && EXPR ) { .. }
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```rust
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fnnested() {
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letouter_opt=Some(Some(1i32));
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ifletSome(inner_opt) =outer_opt {
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ifletSome(number) =inner_opt {
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ifnumber==1 {
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println!("Peek a boo");
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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// Before...
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if let PAT = EXPR || EXPR { .. }
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If any condition operand is a `let` pattern, then none of the condition operands can be a `||`[lazy boolean operator expression][_LazyBooleanOperatorExpression_] due to ambiguity and precedence with the `let` scrutinee.
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If a `||` expression is needed, then parentheses can be used. For example:
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