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<section id="faq">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>FAQ<a class="headerlink" href="#faq" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
<ul>
<li><p>Why do I get the error <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Couldn't</span> <span class="pre">create</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">stage</span> <span class="pre">of</span> <span class="pre">type</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code>?</p>
<p>In almost all cases this error occurs because you're trying to run a stage
that is built as a plugin and the plugin (a shared library file or DLL)
can't be found by pdal. You can verify whether the plugin can
be found by running <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdal</span> <span class="pre">--drivers</span></code></p>
<p>If you've built pdal yourself, make sure you've requested to build the
plugin in question (set BUILD_PLUGIN_TILEDB=ON, for example,
in CMakeCache.txt).</p>
<p>If you've successfully built the plugin, a
shared object called</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">libpdal_plugin_</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">plugin</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="o">></span><span class="n">_</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">plugin</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">>.<</span><span class="n">shared</span> <span class="n">library</span> <span class="n">extension</span><span class="o">></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>should have been created that's installed in a location where pdal
can find it. pdal will search
the following paths for plugins: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">./lib</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">../lib</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">./bin</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">../bin</span></code>.</p>
<p>You can also override the default search path by setting the environment
variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PDAL_DRIVER_PATH</span></code> to a list of directories that pdal should search
for plugins.</p>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>I'm missing the python filter/numpy reader. Where is it?</p>
<p>If you're building PDAL from source, you'll find the python filter and numpy
reader in a separate repository, <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/PDAL/python-plugins">https://github.com/PDAL/python-plugins</a>. If you're
using a package, Python support may be in a separate package, often called "python-pdal".</p>
</li>
<li><p>Why do I get the error <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Unable</span> <span class="pre">to</span> <span class="pre">convert</span> <span class="pre">scaled</span> <span class="pre">value</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code></p>
<p>This error usually occurs when writing LAS files, but can occur with other
formats.</p>
<p>Simply, the output format you've chosen doesn't support values as large
(or small) as those that you're trying to write. For example. if the
output format specifies 32-bit signed integers, attempting to write a
value larger than 2,147,483,647 will cause this error, as 2,147,483,647
is the largest 32-bit signed integer.</p>
<p>The LAS format always stores X, Y and Z values as 32-bit integers.
You can specify a scale factor to be applied to those values in order
to change their magnitude, but their precision is limited to 32 bits.
If the value
you're attempting to write, when divided by the scale factor you've
specified, is larger than 2,147,483,647, you will get this error.
For example, if you attempt to write the value 6 with a scale factor
of .000000001, you'll get this error, as 6 / .000000001 is 6,000,000,000,
which is larger than the maximum integer value.</p>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>Why am I using 100GB of memory when trying to process a 10GB LAZ file?</p>
<p>If you're performing an operation that is using
<a class="reference internal" href="pipeline.html#processing-modes"><span class="std std-ref">standard mode</span></a>, PDAL will read all points into
memory at once. Compressed files, like LAZ, can decompress to much larger
sizes before PDAL can process the data. Furthermore, some operations
(notably <a class="reference internal" href="stages/writers.gdal.html#writers-gdal"><span class="std std-ref">DEM creation</span></a>) can use large amounts of
additional memory during processing before the output can be written.
Depending on the operation, PDAL will attempt operate in
<a class="reference internal" href="pipeline.html#processing-modes"><span class="std std-ref">stream mode</span></a> to limit memory consumption when possible.
If you want to limit the dimensions loaded, you may be able to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dims</span></code> option
that is available with some PDAL commands.</p>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>How do you pronounce PDAL?</p>
<p>The proper spelling of the project name is PDAL, in uppercase. It is
pronounced to rhyme with "GDAL".</p>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>What is PDAL?</p>
<p>PDAL is not a workflow engine for processing point cloud data.
PDAL is a library <em>for making</em> point cloud processing workflow engines.</p>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>What is PDAL's relationship to PCL?</p>
<p>PDAL is PCL's data translation cousin. PDAL is focused on providing a
declarative pipeline syntax for orchestrating translation operations.
PDAL also supports reading and writing PCL PCD files using <a class="reference internal" href="stages/readers.pcd.html#readers-pcd"><span class="std std-ref">readers.pcd</span></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="stages/writers.pcd.html#writers-pcd"><span class="std std-ref">writers.pcd</span></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参考</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="about.html#about-pcl"><span class="std std-ref">PCL</span></a> describes PDAL and PCL's relationship.</p>
</div>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>What is PDAL's relationship to libLAS?</p>
<p>The idea behind libLAS was limited to LIDAR data and basic
manipulation. libLAS was also trying to be partially compatible
with LASlib and LAStools. PDAL, on the other hand, aims to be
a ultimate library and a set of tools for manipulating and processing
point clouds and is easily extensible by its users. Howard Butler
talked more about this history in a <a class="reference external" href="http://geohipster.com/2018/03/05/howard-butler-like-good-song-open-source-software-chance-immortal/">GeoHipster interview</a> in
2018.</p>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>Are there any command line tools in PDAL similar to LAStools?</p>
<p>Yes. The <a class="reference internal" href="apps/index.html#apps"><span class="std std-ref">pdal</span></a> command provides a wide range of features which go
far beyond basic LIDAR data processing. Additionally, PDAL is licensed
under an open source license (this applies to the whole library and
all command line tools).</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">参考</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="apps/index.html#apps"><span class="std std-ref">Applications</span></a> describes application operations you can
achieve with PDAL.</p>
</div>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>Is there any compatibility with libLAS's LAS Utility Applications or LAStools?</p>
<p>No. The the command line interface was developed from scratch with
focus on usability and readability. You will find that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pdal</span></code>
command has several well-organized subcommands such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">info</span></code>
or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">translate</span></code> (see <a class="reference internal" href="apps/index.html#apps"><span class="std std-ref">Applications</span></a>).</p>
<p> </p>
</li>
<li><p>I get GeoTIFF errors. What can I do about them?</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">readers</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">las</span> <span class="n">Error</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Geotiff</span> <span class="n">directory</span> <span class="n">contains</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">short</span> <span class="n">entry</span>
<span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">more</span> <span class="n">than</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If <a class="reference internal" href="stages/readers.las.html#readers-las"><span class="std std-ref">readers.las</span></a> is emitting error messages about GeoTIFF, this means
the keys that were written into your file were incorrect or at least not
readable by <a class="reference external" href="https://trac.osgeo.org/geotif">libgeotiff</a>. Rewrite the file using PDAL to fix the issue:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pdal</span> <span class="n">translate</span> <span class="n">badfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">las</span> <span class="n">goodfile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">las</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">writers</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">las</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forward</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">all</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
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