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第一次作业 #13

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287 changes: 185 additions & 102 deletions src/main.cpp
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/ext.hpp>
#include "check_gl.hpp" // includes glad/glad.h
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h> // must be placed behind glad/glad.h
Expand All @@ -8,112 +8,195 @@
#include <cstdlib>

static void render() {
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
CHECK_GL(glEnd());
/* glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); */
/* constexpr int n = 100; */
/* constexpr float pi = 3.1415926535897f; */
/* float radius = 0.5f; */
/* float inner_radius = 0.25f; */
/* static int x = 0; */
/* x++; */
/* if (x > n) */
/* x -= n; */
/* for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) { */
/* float angle = i / (float)n * pi * 2; */
/* float angle_next = (i + 1) / (float)n * pi * 2; */
/* glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); */
/* glVertex3f(radius * sinf(angle), radius * cosf(angle), 0.0f); */
/* glVertex3f(radius * sinf(angle_next), radius * cosf(angle_next), 0.0f); */
/* glVertex3f(inner_radius * sinf(angle), inner_radius * cosf(angle), 0.0f); */
/* glVertex3f(inner_radius * sinf(angle_next), inner_radius * cosf(angle_next), 0.0f); */
/* glVertex3f(inner_radius * sinf(angle), inner_radius * cosf(angle), 0.0f); */
/* glVertex3f(radius * sinf(angle_next), radius * cosf(angle_next), 0.0f); */
/* } */
/* CHECK_GL(glEnd()); */
//// OpenGL 环境测试：彩色三角形
//glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
//glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
//glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
//glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
//glVertex3f(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
//glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
//glVertex3f(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
//CHECK_GL(glEnd());

//// 课程示例代码：绘制圆形动画
//glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
//constexpr int n = 100;
//constexpr float pi = 3.1415926535897f;
//float radius = 0.5f;
//float inner_radius = 0.25f;
//static int x = 0;
//x++;
//if (x > n)
// x -= n;
//for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) {
// float angle = i / (float)n * pi * 2;
// float angle_next = (i + 1) / (float)n * pi * 2;
// glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
// glVertex3f(radius * sinf(angle), radius * cosf(angle), 0.0f);
// glVertex3f(radius * sinf(angle_next), radius * cosf(angle_next), 0.0f);
// glVertex3f(inner_radius * sinf(angle), inner_radius * cosf(angle), 0.0f);
// glVertex3f(inner_radius * sinf(angle_next), inner_radius * cosf(angle_next), 0.0f);
// //glVertex3f(inner_radius * sinf(angle), inner_radius * cosf(angle), 0.0f);
// //glVertex3f(radius * sinf(angle_next), radius * cosf(angle_next), 0.0f);
//}
//CHECK_GL(glEnd());

//// 作业：绘制 Visual Studio Logo
// 存储三角形顶点数据，8 个紫色三角形，每个三角形 3 个顶点，每个顶点 3 个变量
float logoVertex[8][3][3] = {
{ {-0.31f, 0.22f, 0.0f}, {-0.31f, -0.22f, 0.0f}, {-0.22f, -0.26f, 0.0f} },
{ {-0.31f, 0.22f, 0.0f}, {-0.22f, -0.26f, 0.0f}, {-0.22f, 0.26f, 0.0f} },
{ {-0.22f, 0.26f, 0.0f}, {-0.22f, -0.26f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, 0.09f, 0.0f} },
{ {-0.22f, -0.26f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, 0.09f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, -0.09f, 0.0f} },
{ {0.0f, 0.09f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, -0.09f, 0.0f}, {0.36f, -0.45f, 0.0f} },
{ {0.36f, -0.45f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, 0.09f, 0.0f}, {0.36f, 0.45f, 0.0f} },
{ {0.36f, 0.45f, 0.0f}, {0.36f, -0.45f, 0.0f}, {0.58f, 0.36f, 0.0f} },
{ {0.36f, -0.45f, 0.0f}, {0.58f, 0.36f, 0.0f}, {0.58f, -0.36f, 0.0f} }
};

// 为什么这样写不行？
//glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
//for (int tri = 0; tri < 8; tri++)
//{
// glColor3f(0.4f, 0.18f, 0.58f);
// for (int vert = 0; vert < 3; vert++)
// {
// for (int val = 0; val < 3; val++)
// {
// glVertex3f(logoVertex[tri][vert][val], logoVertex[tri][vert][val], logoVertex[tri][vert][val]);
// }
// }
//}
//CHECK_GL(glEnd());

glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
glColor3f(0.4f, 0.18f, 0.58f);

// 8 个紫色三角形
glVertex3f(logoVertex[7][0][0], logoVertex[7][0][1], logoVertex[7][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[7][1][0], logoVertex[7][1][1], logoVertex[7][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[7][2][0], logoVertex[7][2][1], logoVertex[7][2][2]);

glVertex3f(logoVertex[6][0][0], logoVertex[6][0][1], logoVertex[6][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[6][1][0], logoVertex[6][1][1], logoVertex[6][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[6][2][0], logoVertex[6][2][1], logoVertex[6][2][2]);

glVertex3f(logoVertex[5][0][0], logoVertex[5][0][1], logoVertex[5][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[5][1][0], logoVertex[5][1][1], logoVertex[5][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[5][2][0], logoVertex[5][2][1], logoVertex[5][2][2]);

glVertex3f(logoVertex[4][0][0], logoVertex[4][0][1], logoVertex[4][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[4][1][0], logoVertex[4][1][1], logoVertex[4][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[4][2][0], logoVertex[4][2][1], logoVertex[4][2][2]);

glVertex3f(logoVertex[3][0][0], logoVertex[3][0][1], logoVertex[3][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[3][1][0], logoVertex[3][1][1], logoVertex[3][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[3][2][0], logoVertex[3][2][1], logoVertex[3][2][2]);

glVertex3f(logoVertex[2][0][0], logoVertex[2][0][1], logoVertex[2][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[2][1][0], logoVertex[2][1][1], logoVertex[2][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[2][2][0], logoVertex[2][2][1], logoVertex[2][2][2]);

glVertex3f(logoVertex[1][0][0], logoVertex[1][0][1], logoVertex[1][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[1][1][0], logoVertex[1][1][1], logoVertex[1][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[1][2][0], logoVertex[1][2][1], logoVertex[1][2][2]);

glVertex3f(logoVertex[0][0][0], logoVertex[0][0][1], logoVertex[0][0][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[0][1][0], logoVertex[0][1][1], logoVertex[0][1][2]);
glVertex3f(logoVertex[0][2][0], logoVertex[0][2][1], logoVertex[0][2][2]);

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

// 2 个黑色三角形
glVertex3f(-0.09f, 0.0f, -0.1f);
glVertex3f(-0.23f, 0.14f, -0.1f);
glVertex3f(-0.23f, -0.14f, -0.1f);

glVertex3f(0.12f, 0.0f, -0.1f);
glVertex3f(0.36f, 0.18f, -0.1f);
glVertex3f(0.36f, -0.18f, -0.1f);

CHECK_GL(glEnd());

}

int main() {
if (!glfwInit()) {
const char *errmsg;
glfwGetError(&errmsg);
if (!errmsg) errmsg = "(no error)";
std::cerr << "failed to initialize GLFW: " << errmsg << '\n';
return -1;
}

// hint the version required: OpenGL 2.0
constexpr int version = 20;
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_API, GLFW_OPENGL_API);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, version / 10);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, version % 10);
if (version >= 33) {
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
if (!glfwInit()) {
const char* errmsg;
glfwGetError(&errmsg);
if (!errmsg) errmsg = "(no error)";
std::cerr << "failed to initialize GLFW: " << errmsg << '\n';
return -1;
}

// hint the version required: OpenGL 2.0
constexpr int version = 20;
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_API, GLFW_OPENGL_API);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, version / 10);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, version % 10);
if (version >= 33) {
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif
}

// Create window
GLFWwindow *window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 640, "Example", NULL, NULL);
if (!window) {
const char *errmsg;
glfwGetError(&errmsg);
if (!errmsg) errmsg = "(no error)";
std::cerr << "GLFW failed to create window: " << errmsg << '\n';
std::cerr << "==============================================\n";
if (!strcmp(errmsg, "X11: The DISPLAY environment variable is missing")) {
std::cerr << "You seems not running with graphic display\n";
} else if (!strcmp(errmsg, "WGL: The driver does not appear to support OpenGL")) {
std::cerr << "Please consider install an OpenGL driver, or use the mesa driver\n";
} else if (!strcmp(errmsg, "WGL: Failed to create OpenGL context")) {
std::cerr << "Your driver seems not supporting the required OpenGL version\n";
}
std::cerr << "- If you have a physical graphic card (e.g. NVIDIA), install it from your graphic card vendor official website: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using Windows, download opengl32.dll from https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TZ6nVJC7DZIuUarZrGJYow?pwd=opgl and place it into the same directory as this executable file (alternatively you may download opengl32sw.dll from Internet and rename it to opengl32.dll to place into the same directory as this executable file)\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using Linux or WSL1, install the mesa driver: https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2021/07/install-latest-mesa-ubuntu-20-04-21-04/";
std::cerr << "- If you use WSL2, install WSLg: https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/tutorials/gui-apps\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using SSH remote server, try connect it using ssh -X <ip address>\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using MacOS, you probably want to use Windows or Linux instead for better OpenGL support\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using a Laptop with dual-cards, make sure you have switch to dedicated card (NVIDIA) instead of the integrated card (Intel)\n";
std::cerr << "==============================================\n";
}

// Create window
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 640, "Example", NULL, NULL);
if (!window) {
const char* errmsg;
glfwGetError(&errmsg);
if (!errmsg) errmsg = "(no error)";
std::cerr << "GLFW failed to create window: " << errmsg << '\n';
std::cerr << "==============================================\n";
if (!strcmp(errmsg, "X11: The DISPLAY environment variable is missing")) {
std::cerr << "You seems not running with graphic display\n";
}
else if (!strcmp(errmsg, "WGL: The driver does not appear to support OpenGL")) {
std::cerr << "Please consider install an OpenGL driver, or use the mesa driver\n";
}
else if (!strcmp(errmsg, "WGL: Failed to create OpenGL context")) {
std::cerr << "Your driver seems not supporting the required OpenGL version\n";
}
std::cerr << "- If you have a physical graphic card (e.g. NVIDIA), install it from your graphic card vendor official website: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using Windows, download opengl32.dll from https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TZ6nVJC7DZIuUarZrGJYow?pwd=opgl and place it into the same directory as this executable file (alternatively you may download opengl32sw.dll from Internet and rename it to opengl32.dll to place into the same directory as this executable file)\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using Linux or WSL1, install the mesa driver: https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2021/07/install-latest-mesa-ubuntu-20-04-21-04/";
std::cerr << "- If you use WSL2, install WSLg: https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/tutorials/gui-apps\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using SSH remote server, try connect it using ssh -X <ip address>\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using MacOS, you probably want to use Windows or Linux instead for better OpenGL support\n";
std::cerr << "- If you are using a Laptop with dual-cards, make sure you have switch to dedicated card (NVIDIA) instead of the integrated card (Intel)\n";
std::cerr << "==============================================\n";
#ifdef _WIN32
std::system("pause");
std::system("pause");
#endif
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

// Load glXXX function pointers
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
glfwTerminate();
std::cerr << "GLAD failed to load GL functions\n";
return -1;
}
std::cerr << "OpenGL version: " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << '\n';

CHECK_GL(glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH));
CHECK_GL(glEnable(GL_BLEND));
CHECK_GL(glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA));
CHECK_GL(glPointSize(64.0f));

// start main game loop
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
// render graphics
CHECK_GL(glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT));
render();
// refresh screen
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}

glfwTerminate();
return 0;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

// Load glXXX function pointers
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
glfwTerminate();
std::cerr << "GLAD failed to load GL functions\n";
return -1;
}
std::cerr << "OpenGL version: " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << '\n';

CHECK_GL(glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH));
CHECK_GL(glEnable(GL_BLEND));
CHECK_GL(glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA));
CHECK_GL(glPointSize(64.0f));

// start main game loop
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
// render graphics
CHECK_GL(glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT));
render();
// refresh screen
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}

glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}