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Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+default:
+	nasm boot.asm -f bin -o bin/boot.bin
+	nasm extended.asm -f elf64 -o bin/extended.o
+	gcc -ffreestanding -mno-red-zone -m64 -c kernel.cpp -o bin/kernel.o
+	ld -Ttext 0x8000 bin/extended.o bin/kernel.o -o bin/kernel.tmp
+	objcopy -O binary bin/kernel.tmp bin/kernel.bin
+	copy /b bin\boot.bin+bin\kernel.bin bin\final.bin
+	qemu-system-x86_64 bin/final.bin

boot.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[org 0x7c00]
+
+mov [BOOT_DISK], dl
+call read_disk
+
+jmp PROGRAM_SPACE
+%include "read_disk.asm"
+%include "io.asm"
+times 510 - ($ - $$) db 0
+dw 0xaa55

cpuid.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+detect_cpuid:
+    pushfd
+    pop eax
+    mov ecx, eax
+    xor eax, 1 << 21
+    push eax
+    popfd
+
+    pushfd
+    pop eax
+    push ecx
+    popfd
+
+    xor eax, ecx
+    jz no_cpuid
+    ret
+
+detect_long_mode:
+    mov eax, 0x80000001
+    cpuid
+    test edx, 1 << 29
+    jz no_long_mode
+    ret
+
+no_cpuid:
+    hlt
+
+no_long_mode:
+    hlt

extended.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+jmp enter_protected_mode
+%include "gdt.asm"
+
+enter_protected_mode:
+    call enable_a20
+    cli
+    lgdt [gdt_descriptor]
+    mov eax, cr0
+    or eax, 1
+    mov cr0, eax
+    jmp codeseg:start_protected_mode
+
+enable_a20:
+    in al, 0x92
+    or al, 2
+    out 0x92, al
+    ret
+
+[bits 32]
+%include "cpuid.asm"
+%include "identity_paging.asm"
+
+start_protected_mode:
+    mov ax, dataseg
+    mov ds, ax
+    mov es, ax
+    mov ss, ax
+    mov fs, ax
+    mov gs, ax
+    call detect_cpuid
+    call detect_long_mode
+    call setup_identity_paging
+    call edit_gdt
+    jmp codeseg:start_long_mode
+
+[bits 64]
+[extern _start]
+
+start_long_mode:
+    mov edi, 0xb8000
+    mov rax, 0x0f200f200f200f20
+    mov ecx, 500
+    rep stosq
+    call _start
+    jmp $
+
+times 2048 - ($ - $$) db 0

gdt.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+gdt_nulldesc:
+    dd 0, 0
+
+gdt_codedesc:
+    dw 0xFFFF
+    dw 0x0000
+    db 0x00
+    db 10011010b
+    db 11001111b
+    db 0x00
+
+gdt_datadesc:
+    dw 0xFFFF
+    dw 0x0000
+    db 0x00
+    db 10010010b
+    db 11001111b
+    db 0x00
+
+gdt_end:
+
+gdt_descriptor:
+    gdt_size:
+        dw gdt_end - gdt_nulldesc - 1
+        dd gdt_nulldesc
+
+codeseg equ gdt_codedesc - gdt_nulldesc
+dataseg equ gdt_datadesc - gdt_nulldesc
+
+[bits 32]
+edit_gdt:
+    mov [gdt_codedesc + 6], byte 10101111b
+    mov [gdt_datadesc + 6], byte 10101111b
+    ret
+
+[bits 16]

identity_paging.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+paging_table_entry equ 0x1000
+
+setup_identity_paging:
+    mov edi, paging_table_entry
+    mov cr3, edi
+    mov dword [edi], 0x2003
+    add edi, 0x1000
+    mov dword [edi], 0x3003
+    add edi, 0x1000
+    mov dword [edi], 0x4003
+    add edi, 0x1000
+
+    mov ebx, 0x00000003
+    mov ecx, 512
+
+    .set_entry:
+        mov dword [edi], ebx
+        add ebx, 0x1000
+        add edi, 8
+        loop .set_entry
+
+    mov eax, cr4
+    or eax, 1 << 5
+    mov cr4, eax
+
+    mov ecx, 0xC0000080
+    rdmsr
+    or eax, 1 << 8
+    wrmsr
+
+    mov eax, cr0
+    or eax, 1 << 31
+    mov cr0, eax
+    ret

io.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+get_char:
+    mov ah, 0x0
+    int 0x16
+    jmp .exit
+
+    .exit:
+        ret
+
+print:
+    mov ah, 0x0e
+
+    .loop:
+        mov al, [bx]
+        cmp al, 0x0
+        je .exit
+        int 0x10
+        inc bx
+        jmp .loop
+
+    .exit:
+        mov al, 0x0
+        ret
+
+println:
+    call print
+    call newline
+    jmp .exit
+
+    .exit:
+        ret
+
+newline:
+    mov ah, 0x0e
+    mov al, 0x0d
+    int 0x10
+    mov al, 0xa
+    int 0x10
+    jmp .exit
+
+    .exit:
+        mov al, 0x0
+        ret

kernel.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#define VIDEO_MEMORY 0xb8000
+#define ROW_SIZE 80
+#define COL_SIZE 25
+
+char* itoa(int value, char* str, int base) {
+    char *rc, *ptr, *low;
+
+    if (base < 2 || base > 36) {
+        *str = '\0';
+        return str;
+    }
+
+    rc = ptr = str;
+    if (value < 0 && base == 10) *ptr++ = '-';
+    low = ptr;
+
+    do {
+        *ptr++ = "zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" [35 + value % base];
+        value /= base;
+    } while (value);
+
+    *ptr-- = '\0';
+
+    while (low < ptr) {
+        char tmp = *low;
+        *low++ = *ptr;
+        *ptr-- = tmp;
+    }
+
+    return rc;
+}
+
+uint64_t cursor_position = 0;
+void print(const char* message, uint8_t color = 0x00 | 0x0F) {
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; 1; i++) {
+        if (message[i] == '\0') return;
+        else if (message[i] == '\n') {
+            cursor_position += ROW_SIZE - (cursor_position % ROW_SIZE);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        *(uint8_t*) (VIDEO_MEMORY + cursor_position * 2) = message[i];
+        *(uint8_t*) (VIDEO_MEMORY + (cursor_position * 2) + 1) = color;
+        cursor_position++;
+    }
+}
+
+void clear(uint8_t color = 0x00 | 0x00) {
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < ROW_SIZE * COL_SIZE; i++) {
+        *(uint8_t*) (VIDEO_MEMORY + i * 2) = 219;
+        *(uint8_t*) (VIDEO_MEMORY + (i * 2) + 1) = color;
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" void _start() {
+    print("sgsdg\n");
+    print(itoa(199, nullptr, 10));
+    return;
+}

read_disk.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+PROGRAM_SPACE equ 0x8000
+
+read_disk:
+    mov ah, 0x02
+    mov bx, PROGRAM_SPACE
+    mov al, 32
+    mov dl, [BOOT_DISK]
+    mov ch, 0x00
+    mov dh, 0x00
+    mov cl, 0x02
+    int 0x13
+    jc raise_disk_read_error
+    ret
+
+raise_disk_read_error:
+    mov bx, disk_read_error
+    call print
+    jmp $
+
+disk_read_error:
+    db "failed to read disk", 0x0d, 0xa, 0x0
+
+BOOT_DISK:
+    db 0