Refactor firstParentOrNull to accept type parameter and optional predicate

[KuechA]

As discussed here: #1999 (comment)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.06%. Comparing base (eafa496) to head (f3e8962).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...kotlin/de/fraunhofer/aisec/cpg/graph/Extensions.kt	37.50%	3 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...ain/kotlin/de/fraunhofer/aisec/cpg/ScopeManager.kt	0.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
...hofer/aisec/cpg/passes/EvaluationOrderGraphPass.kt	66.66%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

❌ Your patch status has failed because the patch coverage (50.00%) is below the target coverage (75.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...rc/main/kotlin/de/fraunhofer/aisec/codyze/Sarif.kt	73.07% <100.00%> (ø)
...fraunhofer/aisec/cpg/passes/inference/Inference.kt	79.02% <100.00%> (+0.27%)	⬆️
...ain/kotlin/de/fraunhofer/aisec/cpg/ScopeManager.kt	82.64% <0.00%> (+0.25%)	⬆️
...hofer/aisec/cpg/passes/EvaluationOrderGraphPass.kt	88.79% <66.66%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
...kotlin/de/fraunhofer/aisec/cpg/graph/Extensions.kt	61.68% <37.50%> (-0.85%)	⬇️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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[KuechA]

Open discussion: Should we return this if it matches the predicate?