C++ Programming Repository.

Welcome to the C++ Programming Repository! This repository contains a collection of C++ programs that cover both fundamental and advanced topics in C++. Whether you're a beginner looking to learn the basics or an intermediate learner looking for practical examples, this repository can assist.

Table of Contents

1. Lab 1: Basics of C++
2. Lab 2: Functions, Pointers, and References
3. Lab 3: Classes and Objects
4. Lab 4: Constructors and Destructors
5. Lab 5: Operator Overloading
6. Lab 6: Advanced Operator Overloading
7. Lab 7: Data Conversion
8. Lab 8: Inheritance
9. Lab 9: Polymorphism and Virtual Functions
10. Lab 10: Templates and Exception Handling
11. Lab 11: File Handling
12. Lab 12: Binary File Operations

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Lab 1: Basics 🎯

Concepts Covered: Hello World, Variables, Control Structures, Scope Resolution

1. Hello World

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    cout << "Hello World!";
    return 0;
}

Description: this first C++ program! Prints "Hello World!" to the console.

2. Maximum of 5 Numbers Description: Finds the largest number among five user inputs using conditional statements.

3. Geometric Calculator Question: Calculate the area and perimeter of a circle, rectangle, and square. Quesion: Code calculatesthe area/circumference of shapes using user inputs.

4. Student Record Formatter Description: Stores and displays names/addresses of two students with formatted output.

5. Even/Odd Checker Description: Determines if a number is even or odd using the modulus operator %.

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Lab 2: Functions, Pointers, and References

This lab explores advanced function concepts and memory management.

1. Dynamic Memory Allocation (DMA)

   • Learn to use new and delete operators for memory management.

2. Pass by Reference

   • Demonstrates passing variables by reference to functions.

3. Return by Reference

   • Uses references to return values from functions.

4. Inline Functions

   • Shows how to define and use inline functions for efficiency.

5. Default Arguments in Functions

   • Demonstrates the use of default values in function parameters.

6. Namespaces and Using Directives

   • Introduces namespaces to avoid name conflicts.

7. Const Arguments

   • Shows how to use constant arguments to ensure immutability.

8. Function Overloading

   • Demonstrates how to use the same function name for different parameter lists.

9. Pointers

   • Covers the basics of pointers and their operations.

10. Pointers and Arrays

    • Explains the relationship between pointers and arrays.

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Lab 3: Classes and Objects

This lab focuses on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts.

1. Rectangle Class

   • Defines a Rectangle class with length and width and calculates the area.

2. Student Class

   • Includes methods to set and get student details and calculate average marks.

3. Bank Account Class

   • Implements a basic banking system with deposit, withdrawal, and balance check functionalities.

4. Coordinate Addition

   • Demonstrates the addition of two coordinate objects.

5. Nested Member Functions

   • Explains the concept of nested functions within a class.

6. Time Class

   • Performs operations like addition of time using various passing mechanisms (value, reference, address).

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Lab 4: Constructors and Destructors

1. Largest Number with Default Constructor

   • Finds the largest number using a default constructor.

2. Armstrong Number Check

   • Verifies if a number is an Armstrong number using a default constructor.

3. Rectangle Area Calculation

   • Calculates the area of a rectangle with a constructor defined outside the class.

4. Parameterized Constructor Examples

   • Various programs to demonstrate parameterized constructors.

5. Copy Constructor and Destructor

   • Examples of copy constructors and destructors.

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Lab 5: Operator Overloading

1. Overloading Increment Operators

   • Implements pre- and post-increment for an Time object.

2. Matrix Addition and Multiplication

   • Overloads + and * operators for matrix operations.

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Lab 6: Advanced Operator Overloading

1. Binary Operator Overloading

   • Adds two objects using overloaded binary operators.

2. String Concatenation

   • Concatenates strings using operator overloading.

3. Relational Operator Overloading

   • Demonstrates overloading comparison operators.

4. Stream Operator Overloading

   • Implements << and >> for custom I/O operations.

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Lab 7: Data Conversion

1. Basic to User-Defined Type
2. User-Defined to Basic Type
3. User-Defined to User-Defined Type

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Lab 8: Inheritance

1. Single Inheritance
2. Constructor in Base Class
3. Multiple Inheritance
4. Constructor in Multiple Inheritance

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Lab 9: Polymorphism and Virtual Functions

1. Virtual Functions
2. Pure Virtual Functions
3. Virtual Destructors
4. Virtual Base Class

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Lab 10: Templates and Exception Handling

1. Function Templates
2. Class Templates
3. Basic Exception Handling
4. Exception Classes

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Lab 11: File Handling

1. Write to Disk File
2. Read from Disk File
3. **File I/O with **fstream

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Lab 12: Binary File Operations

1. Write and Read Variables in Binary Mode
2. Write and Read Objects in Binary Files

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How to Use This Repository

1. Clone the repository:

   git clone https://github.com/Madhav-Paudel/Cplusplus-_programming.git

2. Navigate to the desired lab folder.
3. Explore the examples and practice the concepts.

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🌟 Best Practices

1. Each example follows modern C++ conventions
2. Code is thoroughly commented
3. Error handling is implemented
4. Memory management is properly handled
5. Object-oriented principles are followed

🔍 Troubleshooting

Common issues and solutions:

• Compiler errors: Make sure you're using C++17 or later
• Memory leaks: Use smart pointers where possible
• Build errors: Check for missing dependencies
• Runtime errors: Enable debug mode for detailed error messages

👏 Acknowledgments

• Modern C++ community
• Contributors to this repository
• C++ Standard Committee for language features

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🔧 Prerequisites

• C++ compiler (g++ recommended)
• C++17 or later
• Basic understanding of programming concepts
• Code editor (VS Code, CLion, etc.)

📁 Repository Structure

Cplusplus-_programming/
├── Lab1/
│   ├── hello_world.cpp
│   ├── calculator.cpp
│   └── geometric.cpp
├── Lab2/
│   ├── functions/
│   └── pointers/
├── Lab3/
│   ├── classes/
│   └── objects/
└── ...

🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Here's how you can help:

1. Fork the repository
2. Create your feature branch (git checkout -b feature/AmazingFeature)
3. Commit your changes (git commit -m 'Add some AmazingFeature')
4. Push to the branch (git push origin feature/AmazingFeature)
5. Open a Pull Request

📝 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

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Created by Madhav Paudel - Feel free to connect!