Merge pull request #6103 from NREL/ProportionalDCVEnhancements

Enhance Proportional Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)

doc/engineering-reference/src/simulation-models-encyclopedic-reference-002/demand-controlled-ventilation.tex

@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ \subsection{Indoor Air Quality Procedure}\label{indoor-air-quality-procedure}
 
 \subsection{Proportional Control}\label{proportional-control}
 
-The control has two choices: ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule and ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy. The difference is occupancy level. The former uses real time occupancy, while the latter uses design occupancy level. Like Ventilation Rate Procedure and the Indoor Air Quality Procedure, the following three objects must be included in the input data file in order to model CO\(_{2}\)-based DCV with Proportional Control:
+The control has three choices: ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule,  ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy, and ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate. The difference is occupancy level in the first two choices. The former uses real time occupancy, while the latter uses design occupancy level. The third choice is used to calculate the outdoor airflow rate based on design outdoor air flow rate, specified in the DesignSpecification:OutdoorAir object. Like Ventilation Rate Procedure and the Indoor Air Quality Procedure, the following three objects must be included in the input data file in order to model CO\(_{2}\)-based DCV with Proportional Control:
 
 \begin{itemize}
   \item \textbf{AirLoopHVAC:OutdoorAirSystem} to simulate the mixed air box of the air loop
@@ -290,18 +290,31 @@ \subsection{Proportional Control}\label{proportional-control}
 {V_{ot - design,i}} = \frac{{\left( {{R_{p,i}}.{P_{z,i}} \times {SchedFrac_i}} \right) + ({R_{a,i}}.{A_{z,i}} \times {SchedFrac_i})}}{{{E_i}}}
 \end{equation}
 
+if ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate is specified, the required intake flow rate will be revised as:
+
+ \begin{equation} {V_{ot - design,i}} = \frac{Design Outdoor Air Flow Rate_i} {E_i} \end{equation}
+
+The Design Outdoor Air Flow Rate is determined in the DesignSpecification:OutdoorAir object. 
+
 2)~~~The required intake flow of outdoor air when the zone is unoccupied i.e.~ \emph{P\(_{z,i}\)} = 0
 
 \begin{equation}
 {V_{ot - min,i}} = \frac{{({R_{a,i}}.{A_{z,i}} \times {SchedFrac_i})}}{{{E_i}}}
 \end{equation}
 
+if ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate is specified, the required intake flow rate will be revised as:
+
+ \begin{equation} {V_{ot - min,i}} = \frac{ {Design Outdoor Air Flow Rate_i} \times {SchedPropMin_i} } {E_i} \end{equation}
+
+
 3)~~~The target indoor CO\(_{2}\) concentration at \({V_{ot - design,i}}\)
 
 \begin{equation}
 {C_{s - design,i}} = {C_o} + \frac{N}{{\left( {{V_{ot - design,i}}/{P_{z,i}}} \right)}}
 \end{equation}
 
+When the field of Maximum Carbon Dioxide Concentration Schedule Name is entered, the schedule value is used for {C_{s - design,i}} instead of the calculated value. 
+
 4)~~~The target indoor CO\(_{2}\) concentration at \({V_{ot - min}}\) ~is either a user input in the object ZoneControl:ContaminantController or equal to the outdoor CO\(_{2}\) concentration. The default is outdoor CO\(_{2}\) concentration.
 
 \begin{equation}
@@ -324,6 +337,8 @@ \subsection{Proportional Control}\label{proportional-control}
 
 \({SchedFrac_i}\) ~ = the Outdoor Air Schedule value for the zone, if specified in the corresponding DesignSpecification:OutdoorAir object (defaults to 1.0)
 
+\({SchedPropMin_i}\) ~ = the Proportional Control Minimum Outdoor Air Flow Rate Schedule value for the zone, if specified in the corresponding DesignSpecification:OutdoorAir object (defaults to 1.0)
+
 When ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy is specified, number of people = design occupancy * current schedule value. When ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy is specified, number of people = design occupancy.
 
 \({A_{z,i}}\) ~ = Zone floor area, m\(^{2}\)

doc/input-output-reference/src/overview/group-controllers.tex

@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ \subsubsection{Inputs}\label{inputs-2-007}
 
 \paragraph{Field: System Outdoor Air Method}\label{field-system-outdoor-air-method}
 
-The method used to calculate the system minimum outdoor air flow. Several choices are allowed: \textbf{ZoneSum}, \textbf{VentilationRateProcedure,} \textbf{IndoorAirQualityProcedure, ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule,} \textbf{ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy,} and \textbf{IndoorAirQualityProcedureGenericContaminant}. ZoneSum sums the outdoor air flows across all zones served by the system. VentilationRateProcedure (VRP) uses the multi-zone equations defined in 62.1-2007 to calculate the system outdoor air flow. VRP considers zone air distribution effectiveness and zone diversification of outdoor air fractions. IndoorAirQualityProcedure (IAQP) is the other procedure defined in ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 for calculate the amount of outdoor air necessary to maintain the levels of indoor air carbon dioxide at or below the setpoint defined in the ZoneControl:ContaminantController object. Appendix A of the ASHRAE 62.1-2010 user's manual discusses another method for implementing CO\(_{2}\)-based DCV in a single zone system. This method (Proportional Control) calculates the required outdoor air flow rate which varies in proportion to the percentage of the CO\(_{2}\) signal range and has two choices to calculate occupancy-based outdoor air rate. The ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule choice uses the real occupancy at the current time step to calculate outdoor air rate, while the ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy uses the design occupancy level to calculate outdoor air rate. The former choice is a good approach to estimate outdoor air rate. However, for practical applications, the zone controller usually does not have the real time occupancy information, and the design occupancy level is assumed. The latter choice is used in the design stage. The IndoorAirQualityProcedure-GenericContaminant method calculates the amount of outdoor air necessary to maintain the levels of indoor air generic contaminant at or below the setpoint defined in the ZoneControl:ContaminantController object.
+The method used to calculate the system minimum outdoor air flow. Several choices are allowed: \textbf{ZoneSum}, \textbf{VentilationRateProcedure,} \textbf{IndoorAirQualityProcedure, ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule,} \textbf{ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy,} \textbf{ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate,} and \textbf{IndoorAirQualityProcedureGenericContaminant}. ZoneSum sums the outdoor air flows across all zones served by the system. VentilationRateProcedure (VRP) uses the multi-zone equations defined in 62.1-2007 to calculate the system outdoor air flow. VRP considers zone air distribution effectiveness and zone diversification of outdoor air fractions. IndoorAirQualityProcedure (IAQP) is the other procedure defined in ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 for calculate the amount of outdoor air necessary to maintain the levels of indoor air carbon dioxide at or below the setpoint defined in the ZoneControl:ContaminantController object. Appendix A of the ASHRAE 62.1-2010 user's manual discusses another method for implementing CO\(_{2}\)-based DCV in a single zone system. This method (Proportional Control) calculates the required outdoor air flow rate which varies in proportion to the percentage of the CO\(_{2}\) signal range and has two choices to calculate occupancy-based outdoor air rate. The ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule choice uses the real occupancy at the current time step to calculate outdoor air rate, while the ProportionalControlBasedonDesignOccupancy uses the design occupancy level to calculate outdoor air rate. The former choice is a good approach to estimate outdoor air rate. However, for practical applications, the zone controller usually does not have the real time occupancy information, and the design occupancy level is assumed. The latter choice is used in the design stage. The ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate uses design outdoor air flow rate to calculate demand outdoor air flow rate. The IndoorAirQualityProcedure-GenericContaminant method calculates the amount of outdoor air necessary to maintain the levels of indoor air generic contaminant at or below the setpoint defined in the ZoneControl:ContaminantController object.
 
 Note: When System Outdoor Air Method = IndoorAirQualityProcedure or IndoorAirQualityProcedureGenericContaminant is specified, only the Zone \textless{}x\textgreater{} Name fields are used. The other field inputs described below are not used.
 

doc/input-output-reference/src/overview/group-design-objects.tex

@@ -893,6 +893,10 @@ \subsubsection{Inputs}\label{inputs-012}
 
 If this DesignSpecification:OutdoorAir object is referenced by a Controller:MechanicalVentilation object (either directly or indirectly through Sizing:Zone), the schedule will be applied to all types of outdoor air calculations for the corresponding zone, regardless of the System Outdoor Air Method selected. If the schedule value is zero, then the zone will be completely removed from the system outdoor air calcaulations.
 
+\paragraph{Field: Proportional Control Minimum Outdoor Air Flow Rate Schedule Name }\label{field-proportional-control-minimum-outdoor-air-flow-rate-schedule-name}
+
+This field is the name of schedule that defines how minimum outdoor air requirements change over time. The field is optional. If left blank, the schedule defaults to 1.0. If used when the field System Outdoor Air Method = ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate in Controller:MechanicalVentilation, then the schedule values are multiplied by the outdoor air flow rate.
+
 An IDF example:
 
 \begin{lstlisting}
@@ -915,6 +919,7 @@ \subsubsection{Inputs}\label{inputs-012}
       Until: 24:00, 1.0,       !- Field 4
       For: AllOtherDays,       !- Field 5
       Until: 24:00, 0.5;       !- Field 7
+
 \end{lstlisting}
 
 \subsection{DesignSpecification:ZoneAirDistribution}\label{designspecificationzoneairdistribution}

doc/input-output-reference/src/overview/group-zone-controls-thermostats.tex

@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ \subsection{ZoneControl:ContaminantController}\label{zonecontrolcontaminantcontr
 \item
   To control a zone to a specified indoor level of contaminants. When this zone is served by an AirLoopHVAC, the other zones served by the same AirLoopHVAC will have the same specified indoor level, if no objects in the other zones served by the same AirLoop are specified. Currently, the available contaminant controls are carbon dioxide and generic contaminant controls. The specified carbon dioxide setpoint is used to calculate the required outdoor airflow rate through the HVAC system to reach the setpoint. The AirLoopHVAC system outdoor flow rate is realized by the Controller:MechanicalVentilation object with System Outdoor Air Method = IndoorAirQualityProcedure.The specified generic contaminant setpoint is used to calculate the required outdoor airflow rate through the HVAC system to reach the setpoint. The AirLoopHVAC system outdoor flow rate is realized by the Controller:MechanicalVentilation object with System Outdoor Air Method = IndoorAirQualityProcedure-GenericContaminant.
 \item
-  To specify minimum CO2 concentration schedule name for a zone. The AirLoopHVAC system outdoor flow rate is realized by the Controller:MechanicalVentilation object with System Outdoor Air Method = ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy. Carbon Dioxide Control Availability Schedule Name determines the availability of ProportionalControl .
+  To specify minimum or maximum CO2 concentration schedule name for a zone. The AirLoopHVAC system outdoor flow rate is realized by the Controller:MechanicalVentilation object with System Outdoor Air Method = ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate. Carbon Dioxide Control Availability Schedule Name determines the availability of ProportionalControl .
 \end{enumerate}
 
 For the first purpose above, when multiple zones are served by an AirLoop, those zones that do not have a contaminant controller object specified in the input data file are automatically assigned a carbon dioxide setpoint. Zone objects entered in the input data file are internally assigned an index number from 1 to n (first defined Zone object = 1, next Zone object defined in the input file = 2, etc.). For zones served by an AirLoop that do not have a contaminant controller specified, the zone s carbon dioxide setpoint will be the same as the zone with the next highest zone index number that has a contaminant controller specified. If a zone with a higher index number and contaminant controller specified does not exist, then the zone with the next lowest zone index number that has a contaminant controller specified will be used. For example, assume an AirLoop serves zones 1 through 5, but one ZoneControl:ContaminantController object is specified for zone 2, a second ZoneControl:ContaminantController object is specified for zone 4, and no ZoneControl:ContaminantController objects are specified for zones 1, 3 and 5. In this case, zone 1 will be assigned the carbon dioxide setpoint schedule that was specified for zone 2, and zones 3 and 5 will be assigned the carbon dioxide setpoint schedule that was specified for zone 4.
@@ -1072,7 +1072,11 @@ \subsubsection{Inputs}\label{inputs-14-017}
 
 \paragraph{Field:Minimum Carbon Dioxide Concentration Schedule Name}\label{fieldminimum-carbon-dioxide-concentration-schedule-name}
 
-This field contains the name of a schedule that contains the minimum zone carbon dioxide concentration setpoint as a function of time. The units for carbon dioxide setpoint are ppm. This field is used when the field System Outdoor Air Method = ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy in the Controller:MechanicalVentilation object.
+This field contains the name of a schedule that contains the minimum zone carbon dioxide concentration setpoint as a function of time. The units for carbon dioxide setpoint are ppm. This field is used when the field System Outdoor Air Method = ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy, or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate in the Controller:MechanicalVentilation object.
+
+\paragraph{Field:Maximum Carbon Dioxide Concentration Schedule Name}\label{fieldmaximum-carbon-dioxide-concentration-schedule-name}
+
+This field contains the name of a schedule that contains the maximum zone carbon dioxide concentration as a function of time and is used to calculate design CO2 concentration level in the proportional ventilation control. The units for carbon dioxide setpoint are ppm. This field is used when the field System Outdoor Air Method = ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule, or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy, or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate in the Controller:MechanicalVentilation object.
 
 \paragraph{Field: Generic Contaminant Control Availability Schedule Name}\label{field-generic-contaminant-control-availability-schedule-name}
 
@@ -1092,6 +1096,7 @@ \subsubsection{Inputs}\label{inputs-14-017}
   CO2AvailSchedule,               !- Carbon Dioxide Control Availability Schedule Name
   CO2SetpointSchedule,         !- Carbon Dioxide Setpoint Schedule Name
   ,                                               !- Minimum Carbon Dioxide Concentration Schedule Name
+  ,                                               !- Maximum Carbon Dioxide Concentration Schedule Name
   GCAvailSchedule,                 !- Generic Contaminant Control Availability Schedule Name
   GCSetpointSchedule;           !- Generic Contaminant Setpoint Schedule Name
 \end{lstlisting}

idd/Energy+.idd.in

@@ -31757,7 +31757,7 @@ DesignSpecification:OutdoorAir,
       \default 0.0
       \minimum 0
       \note This input is only used if the field Outdoor Air Method is AirChanges/Hour, Sum, or Maximum
-  A3; \field Outdoor Air Schedule Name
+  A3, \field Outdoor Air Schedule Name
       \type object-list
       \object-list ScheduleNames
       \note Schedule values are multiplied by the Outdoor Air Flow rate calculated using
@@ -31767,6 +31767,11 @@ DesignSpecification:OutdoorAir,
       \note AirTerminal:SingleDuct:VAV:NoReheat, AirTerminal:SingleDuct:VAV:Reheat, AirTerminal:DualDuct:VAV:OutdoorAir,
       \note ZoneHVAC:FourPipeFanCoil, and ZoneHVAC:IdealLoadsAirSystem.
       \note This schedule will also be applied by Controller:MechanicalVentilation for all System Outdoor Air Methods.
+  A4; \field Proportional Control Minimum Outdoor Air Flow Rate Schedule Name
+      \type object-list
+      \object-list ScheduleNames
+      \note This input is only used to calculate the minimum outdoor air flow rate when the field 
+      \note System Outdoor Air Method = ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate in Controller:MechanicalVentilation.
 
 DesignSpecification:ZoneAirDistribution,
   \min-fields 1
@@ -33029,15 +33034,23 @@ ZoneControl:ContaminantController,
        \note Schedule values should be carbon dioxide concentration in parts per
        \note million (ppm)
        \note This field is used when the field System Outdoor Air Method =
-       \note ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy
-       \note in Controller:MechanicalVentilation
-  A6 , \field Generic Contaminant Control Availability Schedule Name
+       \note ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy, 
+       \note or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate in Controller:MechanicalVentilation
+  A6 , \field Maximum Carbon Dioxide Concentration Schedule Name
+       \type object-list
+       \object-list ScheduleNames
+       \note Schedule values should be carbon dioxide concentration in parts per
+       \note million (ppm)
+       \note This field is used when the field System Outdoor Air Method =
+       \note ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOccupancy 
+       \note or ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate.  
+  A7 , \field Generic Contaminant Control Availability Schedule Name
        \note Availability schedule name for generic contaminant controller. Schedule value > 0 means
        \note the generic contaminant controller is enabled. If this field is blank, then generic
        \note contaminant controller is always enabled.
        \type object-list
        \object-list ScheduleNames
-  A7 ; \field Generic Contaminant Setpoint Schedule Name
+  A8 ; \field Generic Contaminant Setpoint Schedule Name
        \type object-list
        \object-list ScheduleNames
        \note Schedule values should be generic contaminant concentration in parts per
@@ -57677,6 +57690,7 @@ Controller:MechanicalVentilation,
         \key ProportionalControlBasedonOccupancySchedule
         \key IndoorAirQualityProcedureGenericContaminant
         \key IndoorAirQualityProcedureCombined
+        \key ProportionalControlBasedOnDesignOARate 
         \default VentilationRateProcedure
    N1,  \field Zone Maximum Outdoor Air Fraction
         \type real

src/EnergyPlus/DataContaminantBalance.hh

@@ -189,6 +189,8 @@ namespace DataContaminantBalance {
 		Array1D_int ControlZoneNum; // Controlled zone number
 		std::string ZoneMinCO2SchedName; // Name of the schedule which determines minimum CO2 concentration
 		int ZoneMinCO2SchedIndex; // Index for this schedule
+		std::string ZoneMaxCO2SchedName; // Name of the schedule which determines maximum CO2 concentration
+		int ZoneMaxCO2SchedIndex; // Index for this schedule
 		int ZoneContamControllerSchedIndex; // Index for this schedule
 		std::string GCAvaiSchedule; // Availability Schedule name for generic contamiant
 		int GCAvaiSchedPtr; // Pointer to the correct generic contaminant availability schedule
@@ -206,6 +208,7 @@ namespace DataContaminantBalance {
 			EMSOverrideCO2SetPointValue( 0.0 ),
 			NumOfZones( 0 ),
 			ZoneMinCO2SchedIndex( 0 ),
+			ZoneMaxCO2SchedIndex( 0 ),
 			ZoneContamControllerSchedIndex( 0 ),
 			GCAvaiSchedPtr( 0 ),
 			GCSPSchedIndex( 0 ),