Instruction Set

Note: Binary++ is in early development and these codes will likely change at least once.

Prefixes

The instructions are categorized by their function. Instructions in the same category share the same four-bit prefix.

Prefix	Description
0000	General instructions
1000	Arithmetic
1100	Logic Gates
1110	Equality
1010	Conditionals
1001	Undecided

Instructions

Mnemonic	Code	Arguments	Description
POP_STACK	00000001	Stack (1)	Removes the value at the top of the stack.
PUSH_STACK	00000100	1	Pushes a value to the stack
PUSH_STRING_STACK	00000101	...	Joins the following arguments as a string until a null-terminator is reached.
PUSH_LONG_STACK	00000110	...	Pushes all codes as a one binary number until a null-terminator is reached.
LOAD_MEMORY	00000010	1	Loads the value at a memory address.
STORE_MEMORY	00000011	1 + Stack (1)	Stores the top-of-stack value to a memory address.
DUP_TOP	00000111	None	Duplicates the top-of-stack value.
READ_FROM	00001000	1	Reads from a stream and pushes the text to stack. 0 = STDIN; other reads from a stream in a memory address.
READ_CHAR_FROM	00001001	1	Reads one character from a stream and pushes the text to stack. 0 = STDIN; other reads from a stream in a memory address.
WRITE_TO	00001010	1	Writes the top-of-stack value to a stream. 0 = STDOUT; other reads from a stream in a memory address.
OPEN_FILE	00001100	1 + Stack (1)	Opens a file from a path (top-of-stack) with specified mode.
MAKE_MARKER	00001110	1	Makes a marker at the current position and writes it the a memory address.
GOTO_MARKER	00001111	1	Goes to a marker. 0 as argument returns to the position fo the last GOTO_MARKER call.
BINARY_ADD	10000001	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 + TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_SUBTRACT	10000010	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 - TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_MULTIPLY	10000101	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 * TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_POWER	10000110	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 ** TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE	10001001	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 / TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE	10001010	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 // TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_MODULO	10000100	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 % TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_AND	11000001	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 && TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_OR	11000010	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 || TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_XOR	11000011	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 ^ TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_NOT	11000100	Stack (2)	Pushes ! TOS to stack.
BINARY_LEFT_SHIFT	11001000	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 << TOS2 to stack.
BINARY_RIGHT_SHIFT	11001001	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 >> TOS2 to stack.
EQUALS_TO	11100001	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 = TOS2 to stack.
NOT_EQUAL_TO	11100000	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 != TOS2 to stack.
LESS_THAN	11100010	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 < TOS2 to stack.
LESS_EQUAL_THAN	11100011	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 <= TOS2 to stack.
GREATER_THAN	11100100	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 > TOS2 to stack.
GREATER_EQUAL_THAN	11100110	Stack (2)	Pushes TOS1 >= TOS2 to stack.
IF_RUN_NEXT	10100000	1 + Stack (1)	Runs the n number of instructions if the top-of-stack value is True. Otherwise, they are skipped.
SKIP_NEXT	10100001	1	Skips n number of instructions.
GO_BACK	10100010	1	Goes back n number of instructions.
FORWARD_ARGS	10010000	1 + Stack (n)	Passes the n amount of arguments from stack to the next instruction where n is the passed argument.
ROT_TWO	10010001	Stack (2)	Reverses the positions of the top two stack values.
ROT_THREE	10010010	Stack (3)	Shifts the third and second stack values up one and moves the first one down to the third position. a, b, c -> c, a, b
IMPORT_MODULE	11110000	1 + Stack (1)	Imports a module from a path (stack) into a frame (arg).
PUSH_STACK_MODULE	11110001	2	Pushes a value from memory in a module to stack.
GOTO_MODULE	11111000	2	Goes to a marker in a module.

The argument 00000000 is used for special functionality in some instructions. In turn, the 0th memory address cannot be used.

File modes (WIP)

Code	Type	Description
00000000	r	Read mode
00000001	r+	Read and write mode
00000010	rb	Read mode; bytes
00000011	rb+	...
00000100	w	Write mode
00000101	w+	Write mode; create file
00000110	wb	Write mode; bytes
00000111	wb+	...
00001000	a	Append mode
00001001	a+	...
00001010	ab	Append mode; bytes
00001011	ab+	...
00001100	x	...
00001101	x+	...
00001110	xb	...
00001111	xb+	...