tmux-fastcopy

• Introduction
• Installation
• Usage
  • Multiple selections
• Options
  • @fastcopy-key
  • @fastcopy-action
  • @fastcopy-shift-action
  • @fastcopy-alphabet
  • @fastcopy-regex-*
    • Regex names
• How to
  • Access the regex name
  • Copy text to the clipboard
  • Select text without copying
• FAQ
• Credits
• Similar projects
• License

Introduction

tmux-fastcopy aids in copying of text in a tmux pane with ease.

How? When you invoke tmux-fastcopy, it inspects your tmux pane and overlays important pieces of text you may want to copy with very short labels that you can use to copy them.

Demos: A gif is worth a paragraph or two.

Git hashes

File paths

IP addresses

UUIDs

Installation

Before you install, make sure you are running a supported version of tmux.

$ tmux -V

Minimum supported version: 2.7.

The following methods of installation are available:

• via Tmux Plugin Manager
• Manual installation
• Binary installation

Tmux Plugin Manager

Prerequisite: To use this method, you must have a Go compiler available on your system.

If you're using Tmux Plugin Manager, to install, add tmux-fastcopy to the plugin list in your .tmux.conf:

set -g @plugin 'abhinav/tmux-fastcopy'

Hit <prefix> + I to fetch and build it.

Manual installation

Prerequisite: To use this method, you must have a Go compiler available on your system.

Clone the repository somewhere on your system:

git clone https://github.com/abhinav/tmux-fastcopy ~/.tmux/plugins/tmux-fastcopy

Source it in your .tmux.conf.

run-shell ~/.tmux/plugins/tmux-fastcopy/fastcopy.tmux

Refresh your tmux server if it's already running.

tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf

Binary installation

Instead of installing tmux-fastcopy as a tmux plugin, you can install it as an independent binary.

Use one of the following to install the binary.

• If you're using Homebrew/Linuxbrew, run:

  brew install abhinav/tap/tmux-fastcopy

• If you're using ArchLinux, install it from AUR using the tmux-fastcopy package, or the tmux-fastcopy-bin package if you don't want to build it from source.

  git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/tmux-fastcopy.git
  cd tmux-fastcopy
  makepkg -si

  With an AUR helper like yay, run:

  yay -S tmux-fastcopy
  # or
  yay -S tmux-fastcopy-bin

• Download a pre-built binary from the releases page and place it on your $PATH.

• Build it from source with Go.

  go install github.com/abhinav/tmux-fastcopy@latest

Once you have the binary installed, add the following to your .tmux.conf.

bind-key f run-shell -b tmux-fastcopy

Usage

When there is text on the screen you'd like to copy:

1. Press <prefix> + f to invoke tmux-fastcopy. (You can change this key by setting the @fastcopy-key option.)
2. Enter the label next to the highlighted text to copy that text. (You can also select multiple items.)

For example,

By default, the copied text will be placed in your tmux buffer. Paste it by pressing <prefix> + ].

If you'd like to copy the text to your system clipboard, and you're using tmux >= 3.2, add the following to your .tmux.conf:

set-option -g set-clipboard on
set-option -g @fastcopy-action 'tmux load-buffer -w -'

See How to copy text to the clipboard? for older versions of tmux.

Multiple selections

tmux-fastcopy also supports a multi-selection mode. To select multiple items:

1. Press <prefix> + f to invoke tmux-fastcopy as usual.
2. Press Tab. This enters multi-selection mode.
3. Enter all the labels for text you want to copy. If you selected something accidentally, enter that label again to deselect it.
4. Press Tab or Enter to accept your selections.

tmux-fastcopy will join your selections together and copy the result.

Options

@fastcopy-key

Invoke tmux-fastcopy in tmux with this the prefix followed by this key.

Default:

set-option -g @fastcopy-key f

@fastcopy-action

Change how text is copied with this action.

Default:

set-option -g @fastcopy-action 'tmux load-buffer -'

The string specifies the command to run with the selection, as well as the arguments for the command. The special argument {} acts as a placeholder for the selected text.

set-option -g @fastcopy-action 'tmux set-buffer {}'

If {} is absent from the command, tmux-fastcopy will pass the selected text to the command over stdin. For example,

set-option -g @fastcopy-action pbcopy  # for macOS

Note that if the command string uses {}, the selected text is not passed via stdin.

Execution context

The command string is executed directly by tmux-fastcopy, so it must be a path to a binary or shell script that is executable. It is not executed in the context of a full login shell.

The command runs inside the directory of the pane where tmux-fastcopy was invoked if this information is available from tmux. It runs with the following environment variables set:

• FASTCOPY_REGEX_NAME: Name of @fastcopy-regex rule that matched. See Regex names and Accessing the regex name for more information.
• FASTCOPY_TARGET_PANE_ID: Unique identifier for the pane inside which fastcopy was invoked. Use this when running tmux operations inside the action to target them to that pane.

@fastcopy-shift-action

An alternative action when you select a label while pressing shift. Nothing happens if this is unset.

Default:

set-option -g @fastcopy-shift-action ''

Similarly to [@fastcopy-action], the string specifies a command and its arguments, and the special argument {} (if any) is a placeholder for the selected text.

set-option -g @fastcopy-shift-action "fastcopy-shift.sh {}"

The @fastcopy-shift-action will run with the same execution context as the @fastcopy-action.

@fastcopy-alphabet

Specify the letters used to generate labels for matched text.

Default:

set-option -g @fastcopy-alphabet abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

This must be a string containing at least two letters, and all of them must be unique.

For example, if you want to only use the letters from the QWERTY home row, use the following.

set-option -g @fastcopy-alphabet asdfghjkl

@fastcopy-regex-*

These specify the regular expressions used to match text.

Default:

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-ipv4 "\\b\\d{1,3}(?:\\.\\d{1,3}){3}\\b"
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-gitsha "\\b[0-9a-f]{7,40}\\b"
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-hexaddr "\\b(?i)0x[0-9a-f]{2,}\\b"
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-hexcolor "(?i)#(?:[0-9a-f]{3}|[0-9a-f]{6})\\b"
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-int "(?:-?|\\b)\\d{4,}\\b"
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-path "(?:[\\w\\-\\.]+|~)?(?:/[\\w\\-\\.]+){2,}\\b"
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-uuid "\\b(?i)[0-9a-f]{8}(?:-[0-9a-f]{4}){3}-[0-9a-f]{12}\\b"
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-isodate "\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}"

Add new regular expressions by introducing new options with the prefix, @fastcopy-regex-. For example, the following will match Phabricator revision IDs if they're at least three letters long.

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-phab-diff "\\bD\\d{3,}\\b"

Note: You must double all \ symbols inside regular expressions to escape them properly.

Read this FAQ entry for an explanation of the \\bs inside the regular expressions above.

Copying substrings

Use regex capturing groups if you wish to copy only a portion of the matched string. tmux-fastcopy will copy the contents of the first capturing group. For example,

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-python-import "import ([\\w\\.]+)"
# From "import os.path", copy only "os.path"

This also means that to use (...) in regular expressions that should copy the whole string, you should add the ?: prefix to the start of the capturing group to ignore it. For example,

# Matches commands suggested by 'git status'
set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-git-rebase "git rebase --(?:continue|abort)"

Regex names

The portion after the @fastcopy-regex- can be any name that uniquely identifies this regular expression.

For example, the name of this regular expression is phab-diff

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-phab-diff "\\bD\\d{3,}\\b"

You cannot have multiple regular expressions with the same name. New regular expressions with previously used names will overwrite them. For example, this overwrites the default hexcolor regular expression to copy only the color code, skipping the preceding #:

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-hexcolor "(?i)#([0-9a-f]{3}|[0-9a-f]{6})\\b"

You can delete previously defined or default regular expressions by setting them to a blank string.

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-isodate ""

The name of the regular expression that matched the selection is available to the @fastcopy-action via the FASTCOPY_REGEX_NAME environment variable. See Accessing the regex name for more details.

How to

Access the regex name

tmux-fastcopy executes the action with the FASTCOPY_REGEX_NAME environment variable set. This holds the name of the regex that matched the selected string. If multiple different regexes matched the string, FASTCOPY_REGEX_NAME holds a space-separated list of them.

You can use this to customize the action on a per-regex basis.

For example, the following will copy most strings to the tmux buffer as usual. However, if the string is matched by the "path" regular expression and it represents an existing directory, this will open that directory in the file browser.

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Place this inside a file like "fastcopy.sh",
# mark it executable (chmod +x fastcopy.sh),
# and set the @fastcopy-action setting to:
#   '/path/to/fastcopy.sh {}'

if [ "$FASTCOPY_REGEX_NAME" == path ] && [ -d "$1" ]; then
    xdg-open "$1"  # on macOS, use "open" instead
    exit 0
fi

tmux set-buffer -w "$1"

Copy text to the clipboard?

To copy text to your system clipboard, you can use tmux's set-clipboard option and change the action to tmux load-buffer -w - if you're using at least tmux 3.2.

set-option -g set-clipboard on
set-option -g @fastcopy-action 'tmux load-buffer -w -'

With this option set, and the -w flag for load-buffer, tmux will use the OSC52 escape sequence to directly set the clipboard for your terminal emulator--it should work even through an SSH session. Check out A guide on how to copy text from anywhere to read more about OSC52.

If you're using an older version of tmux or your terminal emulator does not support OSC52, you can configure @fastcopy-action to have tmux-fastcopy send the text elsewhere. For example,

# On macOS:
set-option -g @fastcopy-action pbcopy

# For Linux systems using X11, install [xclip] and use:
#
#  [xclip]: https://github.com/astrand/xclip
set-option -g @fastcopy-action 'xclip -selection clipboard'

# For Linux systems using Wayland, install [wl-clipboard] and use:
#
#  [wl-clipboard]: https://github.com/bugaevc/wl-clipboard
set-option -g @fastcopy-action wl-copy

Select text without copying

If you'd like to select the matched text rather than copy in, you can define an action that takes the target pane in copy mode, and moves your cursor over to the matched text.

The following script should suffice for this:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

MATCH_TEXT="$1"
PANE_ID="$FASTCOPY_TARGET_PANE_ID"

tmux \
	copy-mode -t "$PANE_ID" ';' \
	send-keys -t "$PANE_ID" -X search-backward-text "$MATCH_TEXT" ';' \
	send-keys -t "$PANE_ID" -X begin-selection ';' \
	send-keys -t "$PANE_ID" -X -N "$((${#MATCH_TEXT} - 1))" cursor-right ';' \
	send-keys -t "$PANE_ID" -X end-selection

Explanation

The script above expects the matched text as an argument, and grabs the target pane ID from the environment. tmux-fastcopy sets FASTCOPY_TARGET_PANE_ID when running the action (see Execution context).

It then runs the following tmux commands on the pane:

• switch it to copy mode
• search for the closest recent instance of the matched text and move your cursor there
• begin a selection
• move the cursor to the end of the selected text
• end the selection

The end result of this is that when the action runs, your cursor will have selected the matched text leaving you room to adjust the selection before copying.

Place this script in a location of your choice, say, ~/.tmux/select.sh and mark it as an executable:

chmod +x ~/.tmux/select.sh

Then add the following to your ~/tmux.conf.

set -g @fastcopy-action "~/.tmux/select.sh {}"

Or add the following if you want to do this only when you press shift along with the label (see @fastcopy-shift-action).

set -g @fastcopy-shift-action "~/.tmux/select.sh {}"

FAQ

What's the \b at the ends of some regexes?

The \b at either end of the regular expression above specifies that it must start and/or end at a word boundary. A word boundary is the start or end of a line, or a non-alphanumeric character.

For example, the regular expression \bgit\b will match the string git inside git rebase --continue and git-rebase, but not inside github because the "h" following the "git" is not a word boundary.

The entire string did not get copied

If your regular expression uses capturing groups (...), tmux-fastcopy will only copy the first of these from the matched string.

In the regex below, only the strings "continue" or "abort" will be copied.

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-git-rebase "git rebase --(continue|abort)"

To copy the entire string, you can put the whole string in a capturing group, making it the first capturing group.

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-git-rebase "(git rebase --(continue|abort))"

Or you can mark the (continue|abort) group as ignored by starting it with ?:.

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-git-rebase "git rebase --(?:continue|abort)"

Are regular expressions case sensitive?

Yes, the regular expressions matched by tmux-fastcopy are case sensitive. For example,

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-github-project "github.com/(\w+/\w+)"

This will match github.com/abhinav/tmux-fastcopy but not github.com/abhinav/tux-fastcopy.

If you want to turn your regular expression case insensitive, prefix it with (?i).

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-github-project "(?i)github.com/(\w+/\w+)"

How to overwrite or remove default regexes?

To overwrite or remove default regular expressions, add a new regex to your tmux.conf with the same name as the default one, using a blank string as the value to delete it.

For example, the following deletes the isodate regular expression.

set-option -g @fastcopy-regex-isodate ""

Can I have different actions for different regexes?

The FASTCOPY_REGEX_NAME environment variable holds the name of the regex that matched your selection. You can run different actions on a per-regex basis by inspecting the FASTCOPY_REGEX_NAME environment variable in your @fastcopy-action.

See Accessing the regex name for more details.

Credits

The plugin is inspired by functionality provided by the Vimium and Vimperator Chrome and Firefox plugins.

Similar Projects

• CrispyConductor/tmux-copy-toolkit
• fcsonline/tmux-thumbs
• Morantron/tmux-fingers

License

This software is distributed under the GPL-2.0 License:

tmux-fastcopy
Copyright (C) 2023 Abhinav Gupta

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

The LICENSE file holds the full text of the GPL-2.0 license.