[CLIENT-3188] Fix unraisable exception warnings in Python 3.13

[juliannguyen4]

Extra changes:

• Fix bug where certain API calls delete attributes from exceptions that inherit AerospikeError
• (TODO: document old behavior) batch_write() raises a ParamError exception if the argument batch_records is not of type aerospike_helpers.batch.records.BatchRecords
• Refactor: improve helper function that checks aerospike_helper class instances

TODO

• src/main/client/batch_write.c test needs to be changed

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.77551% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.85%. Comparing base (3767582) to head (2894954).
Report is 5 commits behind head on dev.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/main/exception.c	86.66%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/main/client/info.c	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/main/client/operate.c	91.89%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/main/client/sec_index.c	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #751      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.02%   80.85%   -0.17%     
==========================================
  Files         102      102              
  Lines       15235    14992     -243     
==========================================
- Hits        12344    12122     -222     
+ Misses       2891     2870      -21     

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