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Implement RFC 30: Component metadata. #1720

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Job	Run time
document	1m 12s
test (3.8)	2m 4s
test (3.9)	2m 1s
test (3.10)	2m 7s
test (3.11)	2m 36s
test (3.12)	3m 0s
test (pypy-3.8)	4m 45s
test (pypy-3.9)	4m 51s
test (pypy-3.10)	4m 38s
test (3.13-dev)	3m 39s
publish-docs	7s
publish-docs-dev	0s
required	1s
	31m 1s