chore: move to ruff for linting

[tonyandrewmeyer]

This PR replaces flake8, flake8-docstrings, flake8-builtins, isort, autopep8, pep8-naming, pyproject-flake8, and two test_infra unit tests with ruff for linting. Formatting remains unchanged (to be addressed in #1103).

Notes:

1. Ruff does not yet implement all of the pycodestyle rules, which we checked/fixed with autopep8, see: Implement remaining pycodestyle rules astral-sh/ruff#2402
2. Ruff implements all Flake8 rules (the "F" rules).
3. flake8-docstrings is not listed in the Ruff re-implementation list by pydocstyle is there, which flake8-docstrings is based on
4. Ruff reimplements flake8-builtins (but picks up much more than we were previously, which is odd).
5. Ruff's isort is "profile='black'".
6. With flake8 we had "R" rules enabled, but I can't figure out what those were, or what provided them.

Where the linter picks up issues that the old tools did not, handle in one of these ways:

• Ignore with a noqa: directive if it's a false positive or should otherwise be permanently ignored in that specific case
• Ignore for a file or group of files (the docs and tests have several of these) where it's something we want to pick up in the core code but not everywhere
• Ignore with a note to review later when it's likely that there would be too much additional noise in this PR
• Make the recommended change, when it's small and seems reasonable

#1104 will continue on from this with a few more changes that are minimal and reasonable, and enabling additional rule sets (since they are bundled with ruff, and since ruff is so fast, they are basically free) that I agree with/like the most.

A few outdated noqa: directives have been removed (ruff detects these as well).

Fixes #1102.

[benhoyt]

This looks great and was easy to review -- thanks!