feat(fs/unstable): add makeTempDir and makeTempDirSync

[jbronder]

This PR adds the makeTempDir and makeTempDirSync APIs to the @std/fs package which intends to mirror the Deno.makeTempDir and Deno.makeTempDirSync functions. The PR also adds the MakeTempOptions type and helper functions getNodeOs and getNodePath in the _utils.ts file in preparation for use in future implementations of @std/fs APIs: makeTempFile and makeTempFileSync.

To achieve cross-runtime compatibility with Node.js and satisfy the Deno FS API requirement, the makeTempDir and makeTempDirSync APIs with MakeTempOptions extends functionality for creating temporary directories in Node.js. By adding an optional interface to augment the naming of temporary directory paths, these APIs exist as an alternative to Node-specific APIs that pass a prefix path string argument to mkdtemp or mkdtempSync to create temporary directories.

Towards #6255.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 17.52577% with 80 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 96.11%. Comparing base (3b75ee7) to head (d36a48f).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
fs/unstable_make_temp_dir.ts	17.24%	72 Missing ⚠️
fs/_utils.ts	20.00%	8 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6391      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   96.23%   96.11%   -0.12%     
==========================================
  Files         556      557       +1     
  Lines       42065    42156      +91     
  Branches     6371     6373       +2     
==========================================
+ Hits        40481    40519      +38     
- Misses       1544     1598      +54     
+ Partials       40       39       -1     

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[kt3k]

LGTM. Nice work!