Allow configuring the exemplar filter on the metrics SDK #14498

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Job	Run time
lint	1m 23s
test-bench	59s
test-concurrent-safe	4m 5s
test-coverage	46s
test-race	2m 10s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, ubuntu-latest, 386)	22s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, ubuntu-latest, amd64)	1m 18s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, macos-13, amd64)	2m 0s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, macos-latest, arm64)	42s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, windows-latest, 386)	2m 58s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, windows-latest, amd64)	2m 24s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, actuated-arm64-2cpu-8gb, arm64)	2m 3s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, ubuntu-latest, 386)	34s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, ubuntu-latest, amd64)	1m 4s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, macos-13, amd64)	2m 2s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, macos-latest, arm64)	44s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, windows-latest, 386)	3m 12s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, windows-latest, amd64)	2m 51s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, actuated-arm64-2cpu-8gb, arm64)	2m 0s
codecov	18s
test-compatibility	1s
	33m 56s

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