fix LimitedStream.read method to work with raw IO streams (#2559)

CHANGES.rst

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ Unreleased
     client. :issue:`2549`
 -   Fix handling of header extended parameters such that they are no longer quoted.
     :issue:`2529`
+-   ``LimitedStream.read`` works correctly when wrapping a stream that may not return
+    the requested size in one ``read`` call. :issue:`2558`
 
 
 Version 2.2.2

src/werkzeug/wsgi.py

@@ -928,37 +928,77 @@ def on_disconnect(self) -> bytes:
 
         raise ClientDisconnected()
 
-    def exhaust(self, chunk_size: int = 1024 * 64) -> None:
-        """Exhaust the stream.  This consumes all the data left until the
-        limit is reached.
+    def _exhaust_chunks(self, chunk_size: int = 1024 * 64) -> t.Iterator[bytes]:
+        """Exhaust the stream by reading until the limit is reached or the client
+        disconnects, yielding each chunk.
+
+        :param chunk_size: How many bytes to read at a time.
+
+        :meta private:
 
-        :param chunk_size: the size for a chunk.  It will read the chunk
-                           until the stream is exhausted and throw away
-                           the results.
+        .. versionadded:: 2.2.3
         """
         to_read = self.limit - self._pos
-        chunk = chunk_size
+
         while to_read > 0:
-            chunk = min(to_read, chunk)
-            self.read(chunk)
-            to_read -= chunk
+            chunk = self.read(min(to_read, chunk_size))
+            yield chunk
+            to_read -= len(chunk)
+
+    def exhaust(self, chunk_size: int = 1024 * 64) -> None:
+        """Exhaust the stream by reading until the limit is reached or the client
+        disconnects, discarding the data.
+
+        :param chunk_size: How many bytes to read at a time.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.2.3
+            Handle case where wrapped stream returns fewer bytes than requested.
+        """
+        for _ in self._exhaust_chunks(chunk_size):
+            pass
 
     def read(self, size: t.Optional[int] = None) -> bytes:
-        """Read `size` bytes or if size is not provided everything is read.
+        """Read up to ``size`` bytes from the underlying stream. If size is not
+        provided, read until the limit.
+
+        If the limit is reached, :meth:`on_exhausted` is called, which returns empty
+        bytes.
 
-        :param size: the number of bytes read.
+        If no bytes are read and the limit is not reached, or if an error occurs during
+        the read, :meth:`on_disconnect` is called, which raises
+        :exc:`.ClientDisconnected`.
+
+        :param size: The number of bytes to read. ``None``, default, reads until the
+            limit is reached.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.2.3
+            Handle case where wrapped stream returns fewer bytes than requested.
         """
         if self._pos >= self.limit:
             return self.on_exhausted()
-        if size is None or size == -1:  # -1 is for consistence with file
-            size = self.limit
+
+        if size is None or size == -1:  # -1 is for consistency with file
+            # Keep reading from the wrapped stream until the limit is reached. Can't
+            # rely on stream.read(size) because it's not guaranteed to return size.
+            buf = bytearray()
+
+            for chunk in self._exhaust_chunks():
+                buf.extend(chunk)
+
+            return bytes(buf)
+
         to_read = min(self.limit - self._pos, size)
+
         try:
             read = self._read(to_read)
         except (OSError, ValueError):
             return self.on_disconnect()
-        if to_read and len(read) != to_read:
+
+        if to_read and not len(read):
+            # If no data was read, treat it as a disconnect. As long as some data was
+            # read, a subsequent call can still return more before reaching the limit.
             return self.on_disconnect()
+
         self._pos += len(read)
         return read
 

tests/test_wsgi.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import io
 import json
 import os
+import typing as t
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -165,21 +168,63 @@ def test_limited_stream_json_load():
 
 
 def test_limited_stream_disconnection():
-    io_ = io.BytesIO(b"A bit of content")
-
-    # disconnect detection on out of bytes
-    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(io_, 255)
+    # disconnect because stream returns zero bytes
+    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(io.BytesIO(), 255)
     with pytest.raises(ClientDisconnected):
         stream.read()
 
-    # disconnect detection because file close
-    io_ = io.BytesIO(b"x" * 255)
-    io_.close()
-    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(io_, 255)
+    # disconnect because stream is closed
+    data = io.BytesIO(b"x" * 255)
+    data.close()
+    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(data, 255)
+
     with pytest.raises(ClientDisconnected):
         stream.read()
 
 
+def test_limited_stream_read_with_raw_io():
+    class OneByteStream(t.BinaryIO):
+        def __init__(self, buf: bytes) -> None:
+            self.buf = buf
+            self.pos = 0
+
+        def read(self, size: int | None = None) -> bytes:
+            """Return one byte at a time regardless of requested size."""
+
+            if size is None or size == -1:
+                raise ValueError("expected read to be called with specific limit")
+
+            if size == 0 or len(self.buf) < self.pos:
+                return b""
+
+            b = self.buf[self.pos : self.pos + 1]
+            self.pos += 1
+            return b
+
+    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(OneByteStream(b"foo"), 4)
+    assert stream.read(5) == b"f"
+    assert stream.read(5) == b"o"
+    assert stream.read(5) == b"o"
+
+    # The stream has fewer bytes (3) than the limit (4), therefore the read returns 0
+    # bytes before the limit is reached.
+    with pytest.raises(ClientDisconnected):
+        stream.read(5)
+
+    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(OneByteStream(b"foo123"), 3)
+    assert stream.read(5) == b"f"
+    assert stream.read(5) == b"o"
+    assert stream.read(5) == b"o"
+    # The limit was reached, therefore the wrapper is exhausted, not disconnected.
+    assert stream.read(5) == b""
+
+    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(OneByteStream(b"foo"), 3)
+    assert stream.read() == b"foo"
+
+    stream = wsgi.LimitedStream(OneByteStream(b"foo"), 2)
+    assert stream.read() == b"fo"
+
+
 def test_get_host_fallback():
     assert (
         wsgi.get_host(