E1520 recommends an invalid combination of `@singledispatch` and `@staticmethod`

[AlexWaygood]

Bug description

Hi from Ruff!

We recently received a bug report at Ruff stating that our reimplementation of E1520 was recommending an invalid combination of @functools.singledispatch and @staticmethod. For example, this code runs fine, but ruff's PLE1520 rule was telling the issue reporter that they should use @singledispatch here instead of @singledispatchmethod. If you do so, the code raises an exception at runtime, as @staticmethod is a descriptor, and @singledispatch isn't designed to be stacked on top of descriptor instances (that's what @singledispatchmethod is for). The Python docs also state that @singledispatchmethod should be used for static methods: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.singledispatchmethod.

from functools import singledispatch, singledispatchmethod

class Foo:
    @singledispatchmethod
    @staticmethod
    def bar(value):
        raise NotImplementedError() 

    @bar.register
    @staticmethod
    def _(value: int) -> int:
        return 42 * value

    def method(self) -> int:
        return self.bar(2)

print(Foo().method())

After investigating the bug, we decided to change our PLE1520 rule so that it no longer complained about @singledispatchmethod on top of @staticmethod. It looks like pylint has the same incorrect behaviour here in the original PLE1520 rule, though, so I thought I'd open an issue to give you a heads-up as well!

In case it's helpful, here's the fix that was contributed to Ruff to fix the bug: astral-sh/ruff#10637. The fix also involved some small changes to PLE1519 (E1519 at pylint) as well as PLE1520 (E1520 at pylint).

Command used

pylint demo.py

Pylint output

************* Module demo
demo.py:7:35: C0303: Trailing whitespace (trailing-whitespace)
demo.py:1:0: C0114: Missing module docstring (missing-module-docstring)
demo.py:3:0: C0115: Missing class docstring (missing-class-docstring)
demo.py:6:4: C0116: Missing function or method docstring (missing-function-docstring)
demo.py:6:4: C0104: Disallowed name "bar" (disallowed-name)
demo.py:4:5: E1520: singledispatchmethod decorator should not be used with functions, use singledispatch instead. (singledispatchmethod-function)
demo.py:9:5: E1520: singledispatchmethod decorator should not be used with functions, use singledispatch instead. (singledispatchmethod-function)
demo.py:14:4: C0116: Missing function or method docstring (missing-function-docstring)
demo.py:1:0: W0611: Unused singledispatch imported from functools (unused-import)

------------------------------------------------------------------
Your code has been rated at 0.00/10 (previous run: 0.00/10, +0.00)

Expected behavior

************* Module demo
demo.py:7:35: C0303: Trailing whitespace (trailing-whitespace)
demo.py:1:0: C0114: Missing module docstring (missing-module-docstring)
demo.py:3:0: C0115: Missing class docstring (missing-class-docstring)
demo.py:6:4: C0116: Missing function or method docstring (missing-function-docstring)
demo.py:6:4: C0104: Disallowed name "bar" (disallowed-name)
demo.py:14:4: C0116: Missing function or method docstring (missing-function-docstring)
demo.py:1:0: W0611: Unused singledispatch imported from functools (unused-import)

------------------------------------------------------------------
Your code has been rated at 10.00/10 (previous run: 0.00/10, +0.00)

Pylint version

pylint 3.1.0
astroid 3.1.0
Python 3.12.2 (main, Feb 15 2024, 19:30:27) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.1.0.2.5)]

OS / Environment

MacOS; Python 3.12.2

Additional dependencies

None