Restful Authentication Generator

This widely-used plugin provides a foundation for securely managing user
authentication:

• Login / logout
• Secure password handling
• Account activation by validating email
• Account approval / disabling by admin
• Rudimentary hooks for authorization and access control.

Several features were updated in May, 2008.

• Stable newer version
• ‘Classic’ (backward-compatible) version
• Experimental version (Much more modular, needs testing & review)

!! important: if you upgrade your site, existing user account !! !! passwords will stop working unless you use —old-passwords !!

---

Issue Tracker

Please submit any bugs or annoyances on the lighthouse tracker at

• http://rails_security.lighthouseapp.com/projects/15332-restful_authentication/overview

For anything simple enough, please github message both maintainers: Rick Olson
(technoweenie) and Flip Kromer
(mrflip).

---

Documentation

This page has notes on

• Installation
• New Features
• After installing

See the wiki
(or the notes/ directory) if you want to learn more about:

• Extensions, Addons and Alternatives such as HAML templates
• Security Design Patterns with snazzy diagram
• [[Authentication]] — Lets a visitor identify herself (and lay claim to her corresponding Roles and measure of Trust)
• Trust Metrics — Confidence we can rely on the outcomes of this visitor’s actions.
• [[Authorization]] and Policy — Based on trust and identity, what actions may this visitor perform?
• [[Access Control]] — How the Authorization policy is actually enforced in your code (A: hopefully without turning it into a spaghetti of if thens)
• [[Rails Plugins]] for Authentication, Trust, Authorization and Access Control
• [[Tradeoffs]] — for the paranoid or the curious, a rundown of tradeoffs made in the code
• [[CHANGELOG]] — Summary of changes to internals
• [[TODO]] — Ideas for how you can help

These best version of the release notes are in the notes/ directory in the
source code
— look there for the latest version. The wiki versions are taken (manually)
from there.

---

h2. Exciting new features

Stories

There are now Cucumber features that allow expressive, enjoyable tests for the
authentication code. The flexible code for resource testing in stories was
extended from Ben Mabey’s.

Modularize to match security design patterns:

• Authentication (currently: password, browser cookie token, HTTP basic)
• Trust metric (email validation)
• Authorization (stateful roles)
• Leave a flexible framework that will play nicely with other access control / policy definition / trust metric plugins

Other

• Added a few helper methods for linking to user pages
• Uniform handling of logout, remember_token
• Stricter email, login field validation
• Minor security fixes — see CHANGELOG

---

Non-backwards compatible Changes

Here are a few changes in the May 2008 release that increase “Defense in Depth”
but may require changes to existing accounts

• If you have an existing site, none of these changes are compelling enough to
  warrant migrating your userbase.
• If you are generating for a new site, all of these changes are low-impact.
  You should apply them.

Passwords

The new password encryption (using a site key salt and stretching) will break
existing user accounts’ passwords. We recommend you use the —old-passwords
option or write a migration tool and submit it as a patch. See the
[[Tradeoffs]] note for more information.

Validations

By default, email and usernames are validated against a somewhat strict pattern; your users’ values may be now illegal. Adjust to suit.

---

h2. Installation

This is a basic restful authentication generator for rails, taken from
acts as authenticated. Currently it requires Rails 2.2 or above.

IMPORTANT To avoid a NameError exception (lighthouse tracker ticket), check out the code to have an underscore and not dash in its name:

• either use git clone git://github.com/scambra/restful-authentication.git restful_authentication
• or rename the plugin’s directory to be restful_authentication after fetching it.

To use the generator:

./script/generate authenticated user sessions \ —include-activation \ —stateful \ —rspec \ —skip-migration \ —skip-routes \ —old-passwords

• The first parameter specifies the model that gets created in # (typically
  a user or account model). A model with migration is created, as well as a
  basic controller with the create method. You probably want to say “User” here.

• The second parameter specifies the session controller name. This is the
  controller that handles the actual login/logout function on the site.
  (probably: “Session”).

• —include-activation: Generates the code for a ActionMailer and its respective
  Activation Code through email.

• -stateful: Builds in support for acts_as_state_machine and generates
  activation code. (@-stateful@ implies --include-activation). Based on the
  idea at [[http://www.vaporbase.com/postings/stateful_authentication]]. Passing
  --skip-migration will skip the user migration, and --skip-routes will skip
  resource generation - both useful if you’ve already run this generator.
  (Needs the acts_as_state_machine plugin,
  but new installs should probably run with @-aasm@ instead.)

• —aasm: Works the same as stateful but uses the updated aasm gem

• —rspec: Generate RSpec tests and Stories in place of standard rails tests.
  This requires the
  RSpec and Rspec-on-rails plugins
  (make sure you “./script/generate rspec” after installing RSpec.) The rspec
  and story suite are much more thorough than the rails tests, and changes are
  unlikely to be backported.

• —old-passwords: Use the older password scheme (see [[#COMPATIBILITY]], above)

• —skip-migration: Don’t generate a migration file for this model

• —skip-routes: Don’t generate a resource line in config/routes.rb

---

h2. After installing

The below assumes a Model named ‘User’ and a Controller named ‘Session’; please
alter to suit. There are additional security minutae in notes/README-Tradeoffs
— only the paranoid or the curious need bother, though.

• Add these familiar login URLs to your config/routes.rb if you like:

map.#  ‘/#’, :controller => ‘users’,   :action => ‘new’
map.login  ‘/#’,  :controller => ‘session’, :action => ‘new’
map.logout ‘/logout’, :controller => ‘session’, :action => ‘destroy’

• With --include-activation, also add to your config/routes.rb:

map.activate ‘/activate/:activation_code’, :controller => ‘users’, :action => ‘activate’, :activation_code => nil

and add an observer to config/environment.rb:

config.active_record.observers = :user_observer

Pay attention, may be this is not an issue for everybody, but if you should have problems, that the sent activation_code does match with that in the database stored, reload your user object before sending its data through email something like:

class UserObserver < ActiveRecord::Observer
def after_create(user)
user.reload
UserMailer.deliver_#_notification(user)
end
def after_save(user)
user.reload
UserMailer.deliver_activation(user) if user.recently_activated?
end
end

• With --stateful, add an observer to config/environment.rb:

config.active_record.observers = :user_observer

and modify the users resource line to read map.resources :users, :member => { :suspend => :put, :unsuspend => :put, :purge => :delete }

• If you use a public repository for your code (such as github, rubyforge,
  gitorious, etc.) make sure to NOT post your site_keys.rb (add a line like
  ‘/config/initializers/site_keys.rb’ to your .gitignore or do the svn ignore
  dance), but make sure you DO keep it backed up somewhere safe.