Add MySQL 8.4 Support

[chen-anders]

Related issue: github#1493

Description

MySQL 8.4 deprecates several old-style master/slave commands. Unfortunately, we had upgraded our DB to 8.4.3 and then found out after the fact that gh-ost broke, so this PR aims to introduce compatibility across 8.4+.

TODO: Update bash scripts used in tests to grep for the correct strings related to master/slave status

In case this PR introduced Go code changes:

• contributed code is using same conventions as original code
• script/cibuild returns with no formatting errors, build errors or unit test errors.

I wasn't able to get a minimal mysql 8.4 tarball that would actually pass the CI tests with dbdeployer but did manage to get the docker version running and passing: https://github.com/chen-anders/gh-ost/actions/runs/13026574857

Review Guide

Majority of diffs come from the newly vendored vendor/github.com/hashicorp/go-version library. Actual changes involve building a map of equivalent non-deprecated terms and then subbing the terms in the relevant places where needed.

[michaelorr]

Looks mostly good. I saw one thing that I think is a typo and one nit about conditional structure. No major red flags on the approach in general. Its a little gross but I guess there's no avoiding a bunch of string interpolation in a library like this.