feat: Add Python 3.11 to testing and default to using it

[matthewfeickert]

Description

Now that TensorFlow v2.12.0 is out with Python 3.11 support, add Python 3.11 to the testing in CI and then default all the uses of Python 3.10 in the project to Python 3.11.

Checklist Before Requesting Reviewer

• Tests are passing
• "WIP" removed from the title of the pull request
• Selected an Assignee for the PR to be responsible for the log summary

Before Merging

For the PR Assignees:

• Summarize commit messages into a comprehensive review of the PR

* Add Python 3.11 to testing in CI.
* Default to using Python 3.11 in GitHub Actions where possible.
* Update to using Python 3.11 in linting and validation tools.
* Update Binder runtime Python to Python 3.11.
* Update Dockerfile base image to python:3.11-slim-bullseye.
* Update the docs to advocate using Python 3.11 for development.
* Add ignore of DeprecationWarning of Python's sre_constants from TensorFlow
   - c.f. https://docs.python.org/3.11/whatsnew/3.11.html#modules
     > Undocumented modules sre_compile, sre_constants and sre_parse
     > are now deprecated. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in bpo-47152.)
* Add Python 3.11 trove classifier to PyPI metadata.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch and project coverage have no change.

Comparison is base (c56a327) 98.30% compared to head (aaef56b) 98.30%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main    #2145    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   98.30%   98.30%            
========================================
  Files          69       69            
  Lines        4531     4531            
  Branches      645      800   +155     
========================================
  Hits         4454     4454            
  Misses         45       45            
  Partials       32       32            

Flag	Coverage Δ
contrib	97.88% <ø> (ø)
doctest	61.15% <ø> (ø)
unittests-3.10	96.31% <ø> (ø)
unittests-3.11	96.31% <ø> (?)
unittests-3.8	96.33% <ø> (ø)
unittests-3.9	96.35% <ø> (ø)

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